57On the other hand, mere adverse repercussions on the rights of third parties, even if the repercussions are certain, do not justify preventing an individual from invoking the provisions of a directive against the Member State concerned (see to this effect, in particular, Case 103/88 Fratelli Costanzo [1989] ECR 1839, paragraphs 28 to 33, WWF and Others, cited above, paragraphs 69 and 71, Case C-194/94 CIA Security International [1996] ECR I-2201, paragraphs 40 to 55, Case C-201/94 Smith & Nephew and Primecrown [1996] ECR I-5819, paragraphs 33 to 39, and Case C-443/98 Unilever [2000] ECR I-7535, paragraphs 45 to 52).
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