- access to information
means the availability of all vehicle OBD and vehicle repair and maintenance information, required for the inspection, diagnosis, servicing or repair of the vehicle;
- Accuracy
means the difference between a measured value and a reference value, traceable to a national or international standard and describes the correctness of a result (Figure 1).
- Actual mass of the vehicle
means the mass in running order plus the mass of the fitted optional equipment to an individual vehicle.
- Adapter
means in the context of this annex mechanical parts that allow the connection of the vehicle to a commonly used or standardized measurement device connector.
- Analyser
means any measurement device that is not part of the vehicle but installed to determine the concentration or the amount of gaseous or particle pollutants.
- analyser type
means a group of analysers produced by the same manufacturer that apply an identical principle to determine the concentration of one specific gaseous component or the number of particles.
- Approximately
shall mean the interval of ± 10 per cent points around the stated percentages.
- Auxiliary devices
means energy consuming, converting, storing or supplying non-peripheral devices or systems which are installed in the vehicle for purposes other than the propulsion of the vehicle and are therefore not considered to be part of the powertrain.
- bi-fuel gas vehicle
means a bi-fuel vehicle where the two fuels are petrol (petrol mode) and either LPG, NG/biomethane, or hydrogen;
- bi-fuel vehicle
means a vehicle with two separate fuel storage systems that is designed to run primarily on only one fuel at a time most of the time;
- Calibration
means the process of setting a measurement system's response so that its output agrees with a range of reference signals.
- Calibration gas
means a gas mixture used to calibrate gas analysers.
- Coefficient of determination
(r2) means: r21ni 1yi a0 a1 xi2ni 1yiy2 where: a0is the axis intercept of the linear regression linea1is the slope of the linear regression linexiis the measured reference valueyiis the measured value of the parameter to be verifiedyis the mean value of the parameter to be verifiednis the number of values
- cold start
means, in the context of the in use performance ratio of OBD monitors, an engine coolant temperature or equivalent temperature at engine start less than or equal to 35 °C and less than or equal to 7 °C higher than ambient temperature, if available;
- Cold start PEMS trip
means a trip with conditioning of the vehicle prior to the test as described in paragraph 5.3.2.
- Cold start period
means the period from the test start as defined in point 2.6.5 until the point when the vehicle has run for 5 minutes.
- cold start system or device
means a system which temporarily enriches the air/fuel mixture of the engine thus assisting the engine to start;
- Cross-correlation coefficient
(r) means: rn 1i 1xix yiyn 1i 1xix2 n 1i 1yiy2 where: xiis the measured reference valueyiis the measured value of the parameter to be verifiedxis the mean reference valueyis the mean value of the parameter to be verifiednis the number of values
- Deactivated internal combustion engine
means an internal combustion engine for which one of the following criteria apply:
- Declared Maximum RDE
means the emission values, which must necessarily be lower than the applicable emission limits, declared optionally by the manufacturer and used for checking compliance against lower emission limits
- deficiency
means, in the context of the OBD system, that up to two separate components or systems which are monitored contain temporary or permanent operating characteristics that impair the otherwise efficient OBD monitoring of those components or systems or do not meet all of the other detailed requirements for OBD;
- Delay time
means the difference in time between the change of the component to be measured at the reference point and a system response of 10 per cent of the final reading (t10) with the sampling probe being defined as the reference point (Figure 2).
- deteriorated replacement pollution control device
means a pollution control device as defined in Article 3(11) of Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 that has been aged or artificially deteriorated to such an extent that it fulfils the requirements laid out in paragraph 1 of Appendix 1 of Annex C4 to UN Regulation No 154;
- driving cycle
means, in respect of vehicle OBD systems, the key-on, a driving mode where a malfunction would be detected if present, and key-off;
- Electric power train
means a system consisting of one or more electric energy storage devices, one or more electric power conditioning devices and one or more electric machines that convert stored electric energy to mechanical energy delivered at the wheels for propulsion of the vehicle;
- emission control system
means, in the context of the OBD system, the electronic engine management controller and any emission-related component in the exhaust or evaporative system which supplies an input to or receives an output from this controller;
- engine capacity
means either of the following:
- Engine control unit
means the electronic unit that controls various actuators to ensure the optimal performance of the engine.
- engine misfire
means lack of combustion in the cylinder of a positive ignition engine due to absence of spark, poor fuel metering, poor compression or any other cause;
- Extended factor
means a factor which accounts for the effect of extended ambient temperature or altitude conditions upon pollutant emissions.
- flex fuel biodiesel vehicle
means a flex fuel vehicle that can run on mineral diesel or a mixture of mineral diesel and biodiesel;
- flex fuel ethanol vehicle
means a flex fuel vehicle that can run on petrol or a mixture of petrol and ethanol up to an 85 per cent ethanol blend (E85);
- flex fuel vehicle
means a vehicle with one fuel storage system that can run on different mixtures of two or more fuels;
- Fuel cell
means an energy converter transforming chemical energy (input) into electrical energy (output) or vice versa;
- Fuel cell vehicle
(FCV) means a vehicle equipped with a powertrain containing exclusively fuel cell(s) and electric machine(s) as propulsion energy converter(s);
- Fuel tank system
means the devices which allow storing the fuel, comprising the fuel tank, the fuel filler, the filler cap and the fuel pump when it is fitted in or on the fuel tank;
- Full scale
means the full range of an analyser, flow-measuring instrument or sensor as specified by the equipment manufacturer or the highest range used for the specific test.
- Hot start PEMS trip
means a trip without conditioning of the vehicle prior to the test as described in paragraph 5.3.2, but with a warm engine with coolant temperature above 70 °C.
- hybrid electric vehicle
(HEV) means a hybrid vehicle where one of the propulsion energy converters is an electric machine;
- In an appropriate number of randomly determined cases
means, that this measure has a dissuasive effect on non-compliance with the requirements of Section 3 of this Annex or the provision of manipulated, false or non-representative data for the audit.
- inertia category
means a category of test masses of the vehicle corresponding to an equivalent inertia as laid down in Table A4a/3 of Annex 4a to UN/ECE Regulation No 83 when the test mass is set equal to the reference mass.
- Major maintenance
means the adjustment, repair or replacement of a component or module that could affect the accuracy of a measurement.
- malfunction
means the failure of an emission-related component or system that would result in emissions exceeding the thresholds in Table 4A of paragraph 6.8.2 of UN Regulation No 154 or if the OBD system is unable to fulfil the basic monitoring requirements set out in Annex C5 to UN Regulation No 154;
- malfunction indicator
(MI) means a visible or audible indicator that clearly informs the driver of the vehicle in the event of a malfunction of any emission-related component connected to the OBD system, or of the OBD system itself;
- Mass in running order
means the mass of the vehicle, with its fuel tank(s) filled to at least 90 per cent of its or their capacity/capacities, including the mass of the driver, fuel and liquids, fitted with the standard equipment in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications and, when they are fitted, the mass of the bodywork, the cabin, the coupling and the spare wheel(s) as well as the tools.
- Mass of the optional equipment
means the maximum mass of the combinations of optional equipment which may be fitted to the vehicle in addition to the standard equipment in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications;’
- maximum 30 minutes power
means the maximum net power of an electric drive train at DC voltage as set out in paragraph 5.3.2. of UN/ECE Regulation No 85;
- Maximum Permissible Test mass of the vehicle
means the sum of the actual mass of the vehicle and 90 per cent of the difference between the technically permissible maximum laden mass and the actual mass of the vehicle (Figure 3).
- mono fuel gas vehicle
means a mono-fuel vehicle that is designed primarily for permanent running on LPG or NG/biomethane or hydrogen, but may also have a petrol system for emergency purposes or starting only, where the nominal capacity of the petrol tank does not exceed 15 litres;
- mono fuel vehicle
means a vehicle that is designed to run primarily on one type of fuel;
- Mono-fuel vehicle
means a vehicle that is designed to run primarily on one type of fuel.
- monolayer non-metal tank
means a fuel tank constructed with a single layer of non-metal material including fluorinated/sulfonated materials;
- multilayer tank
means a fuel tank constructed with at least two different layered materials, one of which is a hydrocarbon barrier material;
- net power
means the power obtained on a test bench at the end of the crankshaft or its equivalent at the corresponding engine or motor speed with the auxiliaries, tested in accordance with Annex XX (Measurements of net power and the maximum 30 minutes power of electric drive train), and determined under reference atmospheric conditions;
- Noise
means two times the root mean square of ten standard deviations, each calculated from the zero responses measured at a constant frequency which is a multiple of 1,0 Hz during a period of 30 seconds.
- Non-methane hydrocarbons
(NMHC) means the Total Hydrocarbons (THC) minus the methane (CH4) contribution.
- Not off-vehicle charging hybrid electric vehicle
(NOVC-HEV) means a hybrid electric vehicle that cannot be charged from an external source.
- Odometer
means an instrument indicating to the driver the total distance driven by the vehicle since its production.
- Off-vehicle charging hybrid electric vehicle
(OVC-HEV) means a hybrid electric vehicle that can be charged from an external source.
- Optional equipment
means all the features not included in the standard equipment which are fitted to a vehicle under the responsibility of the manufacturer, and that can be ordered by the customer.
- original replacement pollution control device
means a pollution control device or an assembly of pollution control devices whose types are indicated in Appendix 4 to Annex I to this Regulation but are offered on the market as separate technical units by the holder of the vehicle type-approval;
- own design centre
means a facility in which the whole vehicle is designed and developed, and which is under the control and use of the manufacturer;
- own production facility
means a manufacturing or assembly plant used by the manufacturer for the purpose of manufacturing or assembling new vehicles for that manufacturer, including, where relevant, vehicles which are intended for export;
- Particle number emissions
(PN) means the total number of solid particles emitted from the vehicle exhaust quantified according to the dilution, sampling and measurement methods as specified in this Annex.
- periodically regenerating system
means an exhaust emissions control device (e.g. catalytic converter, particulate trap) that requires a periodic regeneration process;
- permeability factor
(PF) means the factor determined on the basis of hydrocarbon losses over a period of time and used to determine the final evaporative emissions;
- Portable emissions measurement system
(PEMS) means a portable emissions measurement system meeting the requirements specified in Appendix 1 to Annex IIIA;
- power take-off operation or unit
means an engine-driven output provision for the purposes of powering auxiliary, vehicle mounted, equipment;
- Precision
means the degree to which repeated measurements under unchanged conditions show the same results (Figure 1).
- properly maintained and used
means, for the purpose of a test vehicle, that such a vehicle satisfies the criteria for acceptance of a selected vehicle laid down in Appendix 1 of Annex II;
- Pure electric vehicle
(PEV) means a vehicle equipped with a powertrain containing exclusively electric machines as propulsion energy converters and exclusively rechargeable electric energy storage systems as propulsion energy storage systems;
- pure ICE vehicle
means a vehicle where all of the propulsion energy converters are internal combustion engines;
- rated engine power
(Prated) means the maximum net power of the engine or motor in kW measured in accordance with the requirements of Annex XX;
- Rated engine power (Prated)
means maximum net power of the engine or motor in kW as per the requirements of UN Regulation No 85.
- Reading
means the numerical value displayed by an analyser, flow-measuring instrument, sensor or any other measurement devise applied in the context of vehicle emission measurements.
- reagent
means any product other than fuel that is stored on-board the vehicle and is provided to the exhaust after-treatment system upon request of the emission control system;
- Real driving emissions (RDE)
means the emissions of a vehicle under its normal conditions of use;
- Reference value
means a value traceable to a national or international standard (Figure 1).
- Response time
(t90) means the difference in time between the change of the component to be measured at the reference point and a system response of 90 per cent of the final reading (t90) with the sampling probe being defined as the reference point, whereby the change of the measured component is at least 60 per cent full scale (FS) and takes place in less than 0.1 second.
- Rise time
means the difference in time between the 10 per cent and 90 per cent response of the final reading (t10 to t90) as depicted in Figure 2.
- Root mean square
(xrms) means the square root of the arithmetic mean of the squares of values and defined as: xrms1nni 1xi2 where: xiis the measured or calculated valuenis the number of values
- secondary air
means the air introduced into the exhaust system by means of a pump or aspirator valve or other means that is intended to aid in the oxidation of HC and CO contained in the exhaust gas stream;
- Sensor
means any measurement device that is not part of the vehicle itself but installed to determine parameters other than the concentration of gaseous and particle pollutants and the exhaust mass flow.
- Set point
means the target value a control system aims to reach.
- small volume manufacturer
means a manufacturer whose worldwide annual production is less than 10000 units for the year prior to the one for which the type approval is granted and:
- Span
means to adjust an instrument so that it gives a proper response to a calibration standard that represents between 75 per cent and 100 per cent of the maximum value in the instrument range or expected range of use.
- Span response
means the mean response to a span signal over a time interval of at least 30 seconds.
- Span response drift
means the difference between the mean response to a span signal and the actual span signal that is measured over a defined time period after an analyser, flow-measuring instrument or sensor has been accurately spanned.
- Standard error of estimate
(SEE) means: SEEni 1yi ý2n 2 where: ýis the estimated value of the parameter to be verifiedyiis the actual value of the parameter to be verifiednis the number of values
- starting aid
means glow plugs, modifications to the injection timing and other devices which assist the engine to start without enrichment of the air/fuel mixture of the engine;
- Technically permissible maximum laden mass
means the maximum mass allocated to a vehicle on the basis of its construction features and its design performances.
- Test end
means (Figure 5) that the vehicle has completed the trip and whichever occurs last from: Figure 5 Test end definition
- Test start
means (Figure 4) whichever occurs first from: Figure 4 Test start definition
- third party
means a third party complying with the requirements of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/163;
- Total hydrocarbons
(THC) means the sum of all volatile compounds measurable by a flame ionization detector (FID).
- Traceable
means the ability to relate a measurement or reading through an unbroken chain of comparisons to a national or international standard.
- Transformation time
means the time difference between a change of concentration or flow (t0) at the reference point and a system response of 50 per cent of the final reading (t50) as depicted in Figure 2.
- Type of exhaust mass flow meter
means a group of exhaust mass flow meters produced by the same manufacturer that share a similar tube inner diameter and function on an identical principle to determine the mass flow rate of the exhaust gas.
- type of pollution control device
means catalytic converters and particulate filters which do not differ in any of the following essential aspects:
- ultra-small-volume manufacturers
means a small volume manufacturer as defined in point (32) which has registrations of less than 1000 in the Community for the year prior to the one the type approval is granted;
- Validation of PEMS
means the process of evaluating on a chassis dynamometer the correct installation and functionality within the given accuracy limits of a Portable Emissions Measurement System and exhaust mass flow rate measurements as obtained from one or multiple non-traceable exhaust mass flow meters or as calculated from sensors or ECU signals.
- Vehicle OBD information
means information relating to an on-board diagnostic system for any electronic system on the vehicle Figure 3 Mass definitions
- vehicle type with regard to emissions
means a group of vehicles which:
- Vehicle type with regard to Real Driving Emissions
means a group of vehicles which do not differ with respect to the criteria constituting a ‘PEMS test family’ as defined in point 3.3.1.
- Verification
means the process of evaluating whether the measured or calculated output of an analyser, flow-measuring instrument, sensor or signal or method agrees with a reference signal or value within one or more predetermined thresholds for acceptance.
- Zero
means the calibration of an analyser, flow-measuring instrument or sensor so that it gives an accurate response to a zero signal.
- Zero gas
means a gas containing no analyte, which is used to set a zero response on an analyser.
- Zero response
means the mean response to a zero signal over a time interval of at least 30 seconds.
- Zero response drift
means the difference between the mean response to a zero signal and the actual zero signal that is measured over a defined time period after an analyser, flow-measuring instrument or sensor has been accurately zero calibrated.