- approval authority
means the authority of a Member State established or appointed by a Member State and notified by it to the Commission and which has competence for:
- ATV
means a motorised vehicle, propelled by an engine, intended primarily to travel on unpaved surfaces on four or more wheels with low-pressure tyres, having a seat designed to be straddled by the driver only, or a seat designed to be straddled by the driver and a seat for no more than one passenger, and handlebars for steering;
- auxiliary engine
means an engine installed or intended to be installed in non-road mobile machinery that does not directly or indirectly provide propulsion;
- auxiliary railway vehicle
means a railway vehicle that is not a railcar or locomotive, including but not limited to a railway vehicle specifically designed to perform maintenance or construction work or lifting operations associated with the track or other infrastructure of the railway;
- constant-speed engine
means an engine the EU type-approval of which is limited to constant-speed operation, excluding engines the constant-speed governor function of which is removed or disabled;
- constant-speed operation
means an engine operation with a governor that automatically controls the operator demand to maintain engine speed, even under changing load;
- crankcase
means the enclosed spaces in, or external to, an engine which are connected to the oil sump by internal or external ducts through which gases and vapours can be emitted;
- defeat strategy
means an emission control strategy that reduces the effectiveness of the emission control system under ambient or engine operating conditions encountered either during normal machine operation or outside the EU type-approval test procedures;
- deterioration factors
means the set of factors that indicate the relationship between emissions at the start and end of the emission durability period;
- distributor
means any natural or legal person in the supply chain, other than the manufacturer or the importer, who makes an engine available on the market;
- dual-fuel engine
means an engine that is designed to simultaneously operate with a liquid fuel and a gaseous fuel, both fuels being metered separately, the consumed amount of one of the fuels relative to the other one being able to vary depending on the operation;
- economic operator
means the manufacturer, the manufacturer's representative, the importer or the distributor;
- EDP
means the number of hours or, where applicable, the distance used to determine the deterioration factors;
- EGR
means a technical device that is part of the emission control system and reduces emissions by routing exhaust gases that have been expelled from the combustion chamber(s) back into the engine to be mixed with incoming air before or during combustion, except for the use of valve timing to increase the amount of residual exhaust gas in the combustion chamber(s) that is mixed with incoming air before or during combustion;
- electronic control unit
means an engine's electronic device that is part of the emission control system and uses data from engine sensors to control engine parameters;
- emission control strategy
means an element or a set of design elements incorporated into the overall design of an engine, or into non-road mobile machinery in which an engine is installed, and used in controlling emissions;
- emission control system
means any device, system or element of design that controls or reduces emissions;
- end-user
means any natural or legal person, other than the manufacturer, OEM, importer or distributor, that is responsible for operating the engine installed in non-road mobile machinery;
- engine
means an energy converter, other than a gas turbine, designed to transform chemical energy (input) into mechanical energy (output) with an internal combustion process;
- engine family
means a manufacturer's grouping of engine types which, through their design, have similar exhaust emission characteristics, and respect the applicable emission limit values;
- engine production date
means the date, expressed as the month and year, on which the engine passes the final check, after it has left the production line, and is ready to be delivered or to be put into stock;
- engine type
means a group of engines which do not differ in essential engine characteristics;
- exhaust after-treatment system
means a catalyst, particulate filter, deNOx system, combined deNOx particulate filter or any other emission-reducing device, with the exception of exhaust gas recirculation and turbochargers, that is part of the emission control system but is installed downstream of the engine exhaust ports;
- gaseous fuel
means any fuel which is wholly gaseous at standard ambient conditions (298 K, absolute ambient pressure 101,3 kPa);
- gaseous pollutants
means the following pollutants in their gaseous state emitted by an engine: carbon monoxide (CO), total hydrocarbons (HC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx);
- generating set
means an independent non-road mobile machine that is not part of a power train, primarily intended to produce electric power;
- GER
(Gas Energy Ratio) means, in the case of a dual-fuel engine, the ratio of the energy content of the gaseous fuel over the energy content of both fuels;
- hand-held SI engine
means an SI engine having a reference power of less than 19 kW, and used in a piece of equipment that meets at least one of the following conditions:
- importer
means any natural or legal person established in the Union who places on the market an engine from a third country, whether or not the engine is already installed in non-road mobile machinery;
- in-service engine
means an engine that is operated in non-road mobile machinery over its normal operating patterns, conditions and payloads, and is used to perform the emission monitoring tests as referred to in Article 19;
- inland waterway vessel
means a craft falling within the scope of Directive (EU) 2016/1629;
- liquid fuel
means a fuel which exists in the liquid state at standard ambient conditions (298 K, absolute ambient pressure 101,3 kPa);
- locomotive
means a railway vehicle designed to provide, either directly through its own wheels or indirectly through the wheels of other railway vehicles, the motive power for propelling itself and for propelling other railway vehicles that are designed to carry freight, passengers and other equipment, itself being designed or intended not to carry freight or passengers, other than those operating it;
- making available on the market
means any supply of an engine or non-road mobile machinery for distribution or use on the Union market in the course of a commercial activity, whether in return for payment or free of charge;
- manufacturer
means any natural or legal person who is responsible to the approval authority for all aspects of the engine EU type-approval or authorisation process and for ensuring conformity of engine production, and who is also responsible for market surveillance concerns for the engines produced, whether or not they are directly involved in all stages of the design and construction of the engine which is the subject of the EU type-approval process;
- market surveillance
means the activities carried out and the measures taken by national authorities to ensure that engines made available on the market comply with the relevant Union harmonisation legislation;
- market surveillance authority
means an authority of a Member State that is responsible for carrying out market surveillance in its territory;
- maximum net power
means the highest value of the net power on the nominal full-load power curve for the engine type;
- mobile crane
means a self-powered jib crane capable of travelling on-road or off-road or both, and relying on gravity for stability and operating on tyres, crawlers or with other mobile arrangements;
- national authority
means an approval authority or any other authority involved in and responsible for, in respect of engines to be installed in non-road mobile machinery or of non-road mobile machinery in which engines are installed, market surveillance, border control or the placing on the market in a Member State;
- net power
means the engine power in kW obtained on a test bench at the end of the crankshaft, or its equivalent, measured in accordance with the method of measuring the power of internal combustion engines specified in UNECE Regulation No. 120 using a reference fuel or fuel combination set out in Article 25(2);
- non-road mobile machine production date
means the month and year indicated on the statutory marking of the machine or, in the absence of a statutory marking, the month and year in which it passes the final check after it has left the production line;
- non-road mobile machinery
means any mobile machine, transportable equipment or vehicle with or without bodywork or wheels, not intended for the transport of passengers or goods on roads, and includes machinery installed on the chassis of vehicles intended for the transport of passengers or goods on roads;
- OEM
means any natural or legal person that manufactures non-road mobile machinery;
- parent engine
means an engine type selected from an engine family in such a way that its emissions characteristics are representative of that engine family;
- particulate pollutants
means any matter emitted by an engine that is measured as PM or PN;
- permanently installed
means bolted, or otherwise effectively fixed so that it cannot be removed without the use of tools or equipment, to a foundation or an alternative constraint intended to cause the engine to operate in one single location in a building, structure, facility or installation;
- placing on the market
means the first making available on the Union market of an engine or non-road mobile machinery;
- PM
means the mass of any material in the gas emitted by an engine that is collected on a specified filter medium after diluting the gas with clean filtered air so that the temperature does not exceed 325 K (52 °C);
- PN
means the number of solid particles emitted by an engine with a diameter greater than 23 nm;
- railcar
means a railway vehicle designed to provide, either directly through its own wheels or indirectly through the wheels of other railway vehicles, the motive power for propelling itself, and is specifically designed to carry goods or passengers, or both goods and passengers, and is not a locomotive;
- railway vehicle
means non-road mobile machinery that operates exclusively on railway tracks;
- rated net power
means the net power in kW as declared by the manufacturer of an engine at rated speed;
- rated speed
means the maximum full load speed allowed by an engine's governor, as designed by the manufacturer, or, if a governor is not present, the speed at which the maximum net power is attained by the engine, as specified by the manufacturer;
- reference power
means the net power that is used to determine the applicable emission limit values for the engine;
- regeneration
means an event during which emissions levels change while the exhaust after-treatment system's performance is being restored by design and which can be classified as continuous regeneration or infrequent (periodic) regeneration;
- replacement engine
means an engine that:
- representative
means any natural or legal person established in the Union whom the manufacturer duly appoints by a written mandate to represent it in matters concerning the approval authority or the market surveillance authority and to act on its behalf in matters covered by this Regulation;
- SbS
means a self-propelled, operator-controlled, non-articulated vehicle intended primarily to travel on unpaved surfaces on four or more wheels, having a minimum unladen mass, in running order, of 300 kg (including standard equipment, coolant, lubricants, fuel and tools but excluding optional accessories and the driver) and a maximum design speed of 25 km/h or more;
- single-fuel engine
means an engine that is not a dual-fuel engine;
- snow thrower
means a self-powered machine that is exclusively designed for clearing snow from a paved surface by collecting a quantity of snow and projecting it forcefully through a chute;
- snowmobile
means a self-propelled machine that is intended for off-road travel primarily on snow, is driven by tracks in contact with snow and steered by a ski or skis in contact with the snow, and has a maximum unladen mass, in running order, of 454 kg (including standard equipment, coolant, lubricants, fuel and tools but excluding optional accessories and the driver);
- stationary machinery
means machinery that is intended to be permanently installed in one location for its first use and is not intended to be moved, by road or otherwise, except during shipment from the place of manufacture to the place of first installation;
- steady-state test cycle
means a test cycle in which engine speed and torque are held at a finite set of nominally constant values;
- tampering
means inactivation, adjustment or modification of the emission control system, including any software or other logical control elements of such a system, that has the effect, whether intended or not, of worsening the emissions performance of the engine;
- technical service
means an organisation or body designated by the approval authority as a testing laboratory to carry out tests, or as a conformity assessment body to carry out the initial assessment and other tests or inspections, on behalf of the approval authority, or the authority itself when carrying out those functions;
- test cycle
means a sequence of test points, each with a defined speed and torque, to be followed by the engine when being tested under steady state or transient operating conditions;
- transient test cycle
means a test cycle with a sequence of normalised speed and torque values that vary on a second-by-second basis with time;
- transition engine
means an engine that has an engine production date that is prior to the date set out in Annex III for the placing on the market of Stage V engines and that:
- transition period
means the first 24 months following the dates set out in Annex III for the placing on the market of Stage V engines;
- variable-speed engine
means an engine that is not a constant-speed engine;
- virtual testing
means computer simulations, including calculations, undertaken to demonstrate the level of performance of an engine as an aid to decision-making without requiring the use of a physical engine.