Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011

means non-binding standards adopted by the Agency to illustrate means to establish compliance with Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and its implementing rules;

means that a device can be used by:

means the conclusion reached by one or more medical experts acceptable to the licensing authority, on the basis of objective and non-discriminatory criteria, for the purposes of the case concerned, in consultation with flight operations or other experts as necessary, for which an operational risk assessment may be appropriate;

means the conclusion on the medical fitness of an applicant based on the evaluation of the applicant as required in this Annex (Part-MED) and further examinations and medical tests as clinically indicated;

means an inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation or any other means of investigation for determining the medical fitness to exercise the privileges of the licence, or to carry out cabin crew safety duties;

means an intentional manoeuvre involving an abrupt change in an aircraft's attitude, an abnormal attitude, or abnormal acceleration, not necessary for normal flight or for instruction for licences, certificates, or ratings other than the aerobatic rating.

means an engine-driven fixed-wing aircraft heavier than air which is supported in flight by the dynamic reaction of the air against its wings.

means a type of aeroplane which is required to be operated with a co-pilot as specified in the flight manual or by the air operator certificate.

(UPRT) means training consisting of:

means any machine which can derive support in the atmosphere from the reactions of the air other than the reactions of the air against the earth’s surface.

means flight crew and cabin crew;

means the consistent use of good judgement and well-developed knowledge, skills and attitudes to accomplish flight objectives.

means a power-driven lighter-than-air aircraft, with the exception of hot-air airships, which are considered to be balloons in accordance with Article 2(7) of Commission Regulation (EU) 2018/395.

means those means that propose an alternative to an existing AMC or those that propose new means to establish compliance with Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and its implementing rules for which no associated AMC have been adopted by the Agency;

means an instrument approach operation in which the maximum tolerable error/deviation from the planned track is expressed in terms of deflection of the needles on the Course Deviation Indicator (CDI) or equivalent display in the cockpit.

means a person applying for, or being the holder of, a medical certificate who undergoes an aero-medical assessment of fitness to exercise the privileges of the licence, or to carry out cabin crew safety duties;

means an organisation which is entitled to provide training to pilots on the basis of an approval issued in accordance with the first subparagraph of Article 10a(1);

means the demonstration of skills, knowledge and attitude for the initial issue, revalidation or renewal of an instructor or examiner certificate.

means the acceptance, without formalities, by an ICAO contracting State listed in the ICAO attachment of a flight crew licence issued by a State in accordance with Annex I to the Chicago Convention;

means any flight simulation training device (FSTD) that is vacant for use of the FSTD operator or of the customer irrespective of any time considerations.

means a lighter-than-air aircraft which is not engine-driven and sustains flight through the use of either gas or an airborne heater.

(BITD) means a ground-based training device which represents the student pilot’s station of a class of aeroplanes.

means a ground-based training device for the training of pilots representing the student pilot's station of a class of aeroplanes, which may use screen-based instrument panels and spring-loaded flight controls, and providing a training platform for at least the procedural aspects of instrument flight;

means a defined hardware and software combination, which has obtained a BITD qualification;

means an appropriately qualified crew member, other than a flight crew or technical crew member, who is assigned by an operator to perform duties related to the safety of passengers and flight during operations;

means a categorisation of aircraft according to specified basic characteristics, for example aeroplane, powered-lift, helicopter, airship, sailplane, free balloon.

means a categorisation of single-pilot aeroplanes not requiring a type rating.

means a categorisation of balloons taking into account the lifting means used to sustain flight.

means a pilot operating other than as pilot-in-command, on an aircraft for which more than one pilot is required, but excluding a pilot who is on board the aircraft for the sole purpose of receiving flight instruction for a licence or rating.

means the ability of an applicant to readily distinguish the colours used in air navigation and to correctly identify aviation coloured lights;

means the transport of passengers, cargo or mail for remuneration or hire.

means a combination of skills, knowledge and attitude required to perform a task to the prescribed standard.

means an action which constitutes a task that has a triggering event and a terminating event that clearly defines its limits, and an observable outcome.

means a discrete function consisting of a number of competency elements.

means an aeroplane that meets either of the following characteristics:

means a helicopter that meets either of the following characteristics:

means a report on the basis of which a licence may be converted into a Part-FCL licence;

means the recognition of prior experience or qualifications;

means a report on the basis of which prior experience or qualifications may be recognised;

means a flight between a point of departure and a point of arrival following a pre-planned route, using standard navigation procedures.

means a pilot who relieves the co-pilot of his/her duties at the controls during the cruise phase of a flight in multi-pilot operations above FL 200.

means an organisation which is entitled to provide training to pilots on the basis of a declaration made in accordance with the second subparagraph of Article 10a(1);

means flight time or instrument ground time during which a person is receiving flight instruction from a properly authorised instructor.

means the phase of an IFR flight that commences after the completion of an IFR departure procedure and finishes when commencing an IFR approach procedure.

means an action or inaction taken by the flight crew which leads to deviations from organisational or flight intentions or expectations.

means the process of detecting and responding to errors with countermeasures which reduce or eliminate the consequences of errors, and mitigate the probability of errors or undesired aircraft states.

means an organisation that is holding an air operator certificate (AOC) in accordance with Annex III (Part-ORO) to Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 and that has implemented an EBT programme approved by the competent authority, in accordance with the provisions of that Regulation.

(FNPT) means a training device which represents the flight deck or cockpit environment, including the assemblage of equipment and computer programmes necessary to represent an aircraft type or class in flight operations to the extent that the systems appear to function as in an aircraft.

means an instructor with the privileges to provide training in an aircraft in accordance with Subpart J of Annex I (Part-FCL) to this Regulation, Subpart FI of Annex III (Part-BFCL) to Regulation (EU) 2018/395, or Subpart FI of Annex III (Part-SFCL) to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1976;

means a device for the training of pilots which is:

(IFR) means all flight time during which the aircraft is being operated under the Instrument Flight Rules.

(FTD) means a full size replica of a specific aircraft type’s instruments, equipment, panels and controls in an open flight deck area or an enclosed aircraft flight deck, including the assemblage of equipment and computer software programmes necessary to represent the aircraft in ground and flight conditions to the extent of the systems installed in the device.

means that the pilots fly the aircraft without any external visual references, in simulated or actual instrument meteorological conditions (IMC).

(FFS) means a full size replica of a specific type or make, model and series aircraft flight deck, including the assemblage of all equipment and computer programmes necessary to represent the aircraft in ground and flight operations, a visual system providing an out-of-the-flight deck view, and a force cueing motion system.

means the formal prohibition of an aircraft to take-off and the taking of such steps as are necessary to detain it;

means a categorisation of balloons, taking into account the size or capacity of the envelope.

means non-binding material developed by the Agency that helps to illustrate the meaning of a requirement or specification and is used to support the interpretation of the Basic Regulation, its Implementing Rules and AMC;

means a type of rotorcraft supported in flight by the reactions of the air on up to two rotors, which rotate freely on substantially vertical axes.

means a type of rotorcraft supported in flight chiefly by the reactions of the air on up to two power-driven rotors on substantially vertical axes.

means a ‘HEMS flight’ as defined in point 61 of Annex I to Regulation (EU) No 965/2012;

means the time during which a pilot is controlling an aircraft in flight solely by reference to instruments.

means the time during which a pilot is receiving instruction in simulated instrument flight, in flight simulation training devices (FSTD).

means instrument flight time or instrument ground time.

means the assessment of a suspected pathological condition of an applicant by means of examinations and tests in order to verify the presence or absence of a medical condition;

means joint aviation requirements adopted by the Joint Aviation Authorities as applicable on 30 June 2009;

means the competent authority of the Member State that issued the licence, or to which a person applies for the issuance of a licence, or, when a person has not yet applied for a licence, the competent authority as determined in accordance with FCL.001 of Annex I (Part-FCL);

means the leisure pilot licence referred to in Article 7 of Regulation (EC) No 216/2008;

means a condition placed on the medical certificate or cabin crew medical report that shall be complied with whilst exercising the privileges of the licence or cabin crew attestation;

means attitude interpretation by reference to standby instruments interpretation after the loss of main attitude and heading reference system.

(LIFUS) means line flying after an approved zero flight time type rating training course or the line flying required by an operational suitability data (OSD) report.

means an instrument approach operation in which the maximum tolerable error/deviation from the planned track is expressed in units of length, for instance nautical miles, for cross-track lateral deviation.

means Lateral Navigation.

means Localiser Performance with Vertical Guidance.

means a narrative or record of past diseases, injuries, treatments or other medical facts, including unfit assessment(s) or limitation of a medical certificate, that are or may be relevant to an applicant's current state of health and aero-medical fitness;

means the use of one or more psychoactive substances by aircrew in a way that, alternatively or jointly:

means an operator’s recurrent training and checking programme provided for in point ORO.FC.230 of Annex III (Part-ORO) to Regulation (EU) No 965/2012, a portion of which is dedicated to the application of EBT but which does not replace proficiency checks provided for in Appendix 9 to this Annex.

(MCC) means the functioning of the flight crew as a team of cooperating members led by the pilot-in-command.

means an operation requiring at least two pilots using multi-crew cooperation in either a multi-pilot or a single-pilot aircraft.

means the period between the end of evening civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight or such other period between sunset and sunrise as may be prescribed by the appropriate authority.

means the pilot licence issued or recognised by a Member State in accordance with national legislation and not having been recommended for mutual recognition in relation to the relevant JAR;

means the operational suitability data established in accordance with Annex I (Part-21) to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012.

means an aid used for pilot training other than an FSTD that provides for training where a complete flight deck or cockpit environment is not necessary;

(OTD) means training aids other than FSTDs which provide means for training where a complete flight deck environment is not necessary.

means Annex VI to the Regulation on Civil Aviation Aircrew;

means Annex V to the Regulation on Civil Aviation Aircrew;

means Annex I to the Regulation on Civil Aviation Aircrew;

means a flight crew licence which complies with the requirements of Annex I;

means Annex IV to the Regulation on Civil Aviation Aircrew;

means Annex VII to the Regulation on Civil Aviation Aircrew;

means Annex III to the Regulation on Air Operations;

means a simple, evaluative statement on the required outcome of the competency element and a description of the criteria used to judge if the required level of performance has been achieved.

means area navigation based on performance requirements for aircraft operating along an ATS route, on an instrument approach procedure or in a designated airspace.

(PIC) means the pilot designated as being in command and charged with the safe conduct of the flight.

(PICUS) means a co-pilot performing, under the supervision of the pilot-in-command, the duties and functions of a pilot-in-command.

means a sailplane equipped with one or more engines that has, with engines inoperative, the characteristics of a sailplane.

means any aircraft deriving vertical lift and in flight propulsion/lift from variable geometry rotors or engines/propulsive devices attached to or contained within the fuselage or wings.

means the head office or registered office of the organisation within which the principal financial functions and operational control of the activities referred to in this Regulation are exercised;

means a pilot who holds a licence which prohibits the piloting of aircraft in operations for which remuneration is given, with the exclusion of instruction or examination activities, as established in this Part.

means the demonstration of skill to revalidate or renew ratings or privileges, and including such oral examination as may be required.

means alcohol, opioids, cannabinoids, sedatives and hypnotics, cocaine, other psychostimulants, hallucinogens, and volatile solvents, with the exception of caffeine and tobacco;

means a document established to demonstrate that the performance and handling qualities of an FSTD represent those of the aircraft, class of aeroplane or type of helicopter, simulated within prescribed limits and that all applicable requirements have been met.

means the deviation from emmetropia measured in dioptres in the most ametropic meridian, measured by standard methods.

(of, e.g. a rating or certificate) means the administrative action taken after a rating or certificate has lapsed for the purpose of renewing the privileges of the rating or certificate for a further specified period consequent upon the fulfilment of specified requirements.

(of, e.g. a rating or certificate) means the administrative action taken within the period of validity of a rating or certificate which allows the holder to continue to exercise the privileges of a rating or certificate for a further specified period consequent upon the fulfilment of specified requirements.

means a power-driven, heavier-than-air aircraft that depends principally for its support in flight on the lift generated by up to two rotors;

means a flight comprising take-off, departure, cruise of not less than 15 minutes, arrival, approach and landing phases.

means a heavier-than-air aircraft which is supported in flight by the dynamic reaction of the air against its fixed lifting surfaces, the free flight of which does not depend on an engine.

means a degree of a medical condition, the effect of which would prevent the safe exercise of the privileges of the licence or of the cabin crew safety duties;

means the demonstration of skill for a licence or rating issue, including such oral examination as may be required.

means flight time during which a student pilot is the sole occupant of an aircraft.

(SPIC) means a student pilot acting as pilot-in-command on a flight with an instructor where the latter will only observe the student pilot and shall not influence or control the flight of the aircraft.

means events or errors which occur beyond the influence of the flight crew, increase operational complexity and which must be managed to maintain the margin of safety.

means the process of detecting and responding to the threats with countermeasures which reduce or eliminate the consequences of threats, and mitigate the probability of errors or undesired aircraft states.

means an instrument approach operation using both lateral and vertical navigation guidance.

means, unless otherwise specified following the certification process in accordance with Annex I (Part 21) to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012, a specific class of powered sailplanes that has an integrally mounted, non-retractable engine and a non-retractable propeller.

means an instrument approach operation using lateral navigation guidance only.

means a categorisation of aircraft requiring a type rating as determined in the operational suitability data established in accordance with Part-21, and which include all aircraft of the same basic design including all modifications thereto except those which result in a change in handling or flight characteristics.

means a list published by the Agency based on the result of the OSD evaluation and containing classes of aeroplanes and types of aircraft for the purpose of flight crew licensing.

means a power-driven, heavier-than-air aircraft, other than aeroplane or rotorcraft, capable of performing vertical take-off and landing by means of lift and thrust units used to provide lift during take-off and landing;

means Vertical Navigation.