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European Union
Council Directive 93/13/EEC
Article 2
(a)

Council Directive 93/13/EEC

In forceThis text since 16 Apr 1993law://eu/dir/1993/13/art_2__pnt_a@2026-11-10

Version in force onWhereEuropean Union

Contents

(a) ‘unfair terms’ means the contractual terms defined in Arti…
(b) ‘consumer’ means any natural person who, in contracts cove…
(c) ‘seller or supplier’ means any natural or legal person who…

Contents

(a) ‘unfair terms’ means the contractual terms defined in Arti…
(b) ‘consumer’ means any natural person who, in contracts cove…
(c) ‘seller or supplier’ means any natural or legal person who…

(a)‘unfair terms’ means the contractual terms defined in Article 3;

Source: EUR-Lex, © European Union, 1998-2026. Reuse authorised under Decision 2011/833/EU.

Key facts

Type: Directive · Council Directive 93/13/EEC
Adopted: 5 Apr 1993
In force: 16 Apr 1993
Text current to: 28 May 2022
Made by: Council of the European Union
Official: EUR-Lex 31993L0013 · ELI

Topics

approximation of laws consumer protection goods and services single market unfair terms of contract Internal market - Principles

History · 1 version

16 Apr 1993Reading

Connections

Implemented by 1: Consumer Rights Act 2015
Interpreted by the courts in 25: ZH and KN v AxFina Hungary Zrt (C-630/23); GR REAL s. r. o. v PO and RT (C-351/23); Bank Millennium S.A. v PR (C-746/24); CR and TP v Soledil Srl, sous concordat préventif (C-320/24); I. SA v S. J (C-410/23); RM and EM v Santander Bank Polska S.A (C-902/24); OF and Others v M.K (C-324/23); SIA 'A' v C and Others (C-365/23); mBank S.A. and Others v BL and Others (C-396/24); Justa v Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria SA (C-39/24); DJ et PJ v Santander Bank Polska S.A (C-903/24); AS v BNP Paribas Bank Polska S.A (C-246/25); HM and JD v AXA Bank Belgium SA and Others (C-761/24); Powszechna Kasa Oszczędności Bank Polski S.A. v MS et MS (C-753/24); mBank S.A. v TK and DJ et JJ (C-901/24); HL v UniCredit Bank Zrt. and Momentum Credit Zrt (C-679/24); J.J. v PKO BP S.A (C-471/24); Investcapital Ltd v M.H.S (C-509/24); AK v RU (C-197/24); Zwrotybankowe.pl sp. z o.o. v Powszechna Kasa Oszczędności Bank Polski S.A (C-80/24); R.S (C-582/23); A. B. v Slovenská sporiteľňa a.s (C-280/24); innogy Energie s.r.o. v QS (C-749/23); Abanca Corporación Bancaria SA v WE and VX (C-6/24); FG v Caja Rural de Navarra SCC (C-699/23)
Cited by 11: DJ et PJ v Santander Bank Polska S.A (C-903/24); AS v BNP Paribas Bank Polska S.A (C-246/25)7 provisions; HM and JD v AXA Bank Belgium SA and Others (C-761/24); Powszechna Kasa Oszczędności Bank Polski S.A. v MS et MS (C-753/24); mBank S.A. v TK and DJ et JJ (C-901/24); HL v UniCredit Bank Zrt. and Momentum Credit Zrt (C-679/24); Eisenberger Gerüstbau GmbH v JK (C-564/24); J.J. v PKO BP S.A (C-471/24)9 provisions; Regulation (EU) 2026/2202; P.W. v Bank Polska Kasa Opieki S.A (C-744/24); mBank S.A. v KŁ and JŁ (C-752/24)
Cites 1: this act

Defined terms · 3

Show every defined term

consumer
means any natural person who, in contracts covered by this Directive, is acting for purposes which are outside his trade, business or profession;
seller or supplier
means any natural or legal person who, in contracts covered by this Directive, is acting for purposes relating to his trade, business or profession, whether publicly owned or privately owned.
unfair terms
means the contractual terms defined in Article 3;

eu/dir/1993/13