Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2020/174

Contents

Article 1Innovative technology#

The technology used in 12 Volt efficient alternators intended for the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy is approved as an innovative technology within the meaning of Article 11 of Regulation (EU) 2019/631, taking into account that it is not covered by the standard test procedure set out in Regulation (EU) 2017/1151 and provided that the innovative technology conforms to the following conditions:

(a)it is fitted in internal combustion engine powered passenger cars (M₁) and light commercial vehicles (N₁) capable of running on petrol, diesel, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), compressed natural gas (CNG) or E85 or on a combination of those fuels;

(b)it is used solely to charge the vehicle battery and to power the electrical system of the vehicle when its combustion engine is running;

(c)it has an efficiency, i.e. a conversion rate from mechanical into electric power, of at least:

(i)73,8 % for petrol- or E85-fuelled vehicles other than turbo-charged;

(ii)73,4 % for turbo-charged petrol- or E85-fuelled vehicles;

(iii)74,2 % for diesel-fuelled vehicles;

(iv)74,6 % for LPG-fuelled vehicles other than turbo-charged;

(v)74,1 % for turbo-charged LPG-fuelled vehicles;

(vi)76,3 % for CNG-fuelled vehicles other than turbo-charged;

(vii)75,7 % for turbo-charged CNG-fuelled vehicles.

Article 2Application for certification of CO2 savings#

1.A manufacturer may apply to a type-approval authority for certification of the CO₂ savings from the use of the technology approved in accordance with Article 1 (‘the technology’) in one or several 12 Volt efficient alternators by reference to this Decision.

2.The manufacturer shall ensure that the application for the certification is accompanied by a verification report from an independent and certified body confirming that the conditions set out in Article 1 have been met.

3.Where the savings have been certified in accordance with Article 3, the manufacturer shall ensure that the certified CO₂ savings and the eco-innovation code referred to in Article 4(1) are recorded in the certificates of conformity of the vehicles concerned.

Article 3Certification of CO2 savings#

1.The type-approval authority shall ensure that CO₂ savings achieved from the use of the innovative technology have been determined using the methodology set out in the Annex.

2.Where a manufacturer applies for the certification of the CO₂ savings from the use of the technology in more than one 12 Volt efficient alternator in relation to one vehicle version, the type-approval authority shall determine which of the 12 Volt efficient alternators tested delivers the lowest CO₂ savings. That value shall be used for the purposes of paragraph 3.

3.The type-approval authority shall record the certified CO₂ savings determined in accordance with paragraph 1 or 2 and the eco-innovation code referred to in Article 4(1) in the relevant type-approval documentation.

3a.Where the innovative technology is fitted in a bi-fuel or flex-fuel vehicle, the type-approval authority shall record the certified CO₂ savings as follows:

(a)for a bi-fuel vehicle using petrol and gaseous fuels, the CO₂ savings value with regard to LPG or CNG;

(b)for a flex-fuel vehicle using petrol and E85, the CO₂ savings value with regard to petrol.

4.The type-approval authority shall record all the elements considered for the certification in a test report and keep that together with the verification report referred to in Article 2(2), and shall make that information available to the Commission on request.

5.The type-approval authority shall only certify CO₂ savings, if it finds that the technology used in the 12 Volt efficient alternator or alternators comply with the conditions set out in Article 1, and if the CO₂ savings achieved are 0,5 g CO₂/km or higher as specified in Article 9(1)(b) of Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011 in the case of passenger cars or of Implementing Regulation (EU) No 427/2014 in the case of light commercial vehicles.

Article 4Eco-innovation code#

1.The innovative technology approved by this Decision is attributed with the eco-innovation code No 29.

2.The certified CO₂ savings recorded by reference to that eco-innovation code may be taken into account for the calculation of the average specific emissions of manufacturers starting from the calendar year 2021.

Article 5Entry into force#

This Decision shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.

Methodology to determine the CO2 savings of a 12 V efficient alternator in passenger cars and light commercial vehicles with internal combustion engine powertrain (fulfilling the conditions specified in Article 1 by reference to the Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicle Test Procedure)

1. Introduction

(1)the testing conditions;

(2)the test equipment;

(3)the procedure to determine the total efficiency;

(4)the procedure to determine the CO₂ savings;

(5)the procedure to determine the uncertainty of the CO₂ savings.

In order to determine the CO₂ savings that can be attributed to the use of a 12 V efficient alternator in a passenger car and light commercial vehicle with internal combustion engine powertrain, it is necessary to specify the following:

2. Symbols, parameters and units

Latin symbols

	-	CO₂ savings [g CO₂/km]
CO₂	-	Carbon dioxide
CF	-	Conversion factor (l/100 km) - (g CO₂/km) [gCO₂/l] as defined in Table 3
h	-	Frequency as defined in Table 1
I	-	Current intensity at which the measurement shall be carried out [A]
m	-	Number of measurements of the sample
M	-	Torque [Nm]
n	-	Rotational frequency [min^-1] as defined in Table 1
P	-	Power [W]
s_ηEI	-	Standard deviation of the eco-innovative alternator efficiency [%]
	-	Standard deviation of the eco-innovative alternator efficiency mean [%]
	-	Standard deviation of the total CO₂ savings [g CO₂/km]
U	-	Test voltage at which the measurement shall be carried out [V]
v	-	Mean driving speed of the Worldwide harmonised Light-duty vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC) [km/h]
V_Pe	-	Consumption of effective power [l/kWh] as defined in Table 2
	-	Sensitivity of calculated CO₂ savings related to the efficiency of the eco-innovative alternator

Greek symbols

Δ	-	Difference
η	-	Baseline alternator efficiency [%]
η_EI	-	Efficient alternator efficiency [%]
	-	Mean of the eco-innovative alternator efficiency at operating point i [%]

Subscripts

Index (i) refers to operating point

Index (j) refers to measurement of the sample

EI	-	Eco-innovative
m	-	Mechanical
RW	-	Real-world conditions
TA	-	Type-approval conditions
B	-	Baseline

3. Test conditions

The testing conditions shall fulfil the requirements specified in ISO 8854:2012^note.

4. Test equipment

The test equipment shall be in accordance with the specifications set out in ISO 8854:2012^note.

5. Measurements and determination of the efficiency

The efficiency of the 12 V efficient alternator shall be determined in accordance with ISO 8854:2012^note, with the exception of the elements specified in the present paragraph.

The measurements shall be conducted at different operating points i, as defined in Table 1. The alternator current intensity is defined as half of the rated current for all operating points. For each speed the voltage and the output current of the alternator are to be kept constant, the voltage at 14,3 V.

Table 1
Operating pointi	Holding time[s]	Rotational frequencyn_i [min^-1]	Frequencyh_i
1	1200	1800	0,25
2	1200	3000	0,40
3	600	6000	0,25
4	300	10000	0,10

The efficiency shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 1.

Formula 1

All efficiency measurements shall be performed consecutively at least five (5) times. The average of the measurements at each operating point () has to be calculated.

The efficiency of the eco-innovative alternator (η_EI) shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 2

Formula 2

The efficient alternator leads to saved mechanical power under real-world conditions (ΔP_mRW) and type approval conditions (ΔP_mTA) as defined in Formula 3.

Formula 3

ΔP_m = ΔP_mRW - ΔP_mTA

where the saved mechanical power under real-world conditions (ΔP_mRW) is calculated in accordance with Formula 4 and the saved mechanical power under type-approval conditions (ΔP_mTA) in accordance with Formula 5.

Formula 4

Formula 5

Where:

P_RWPower requirement under real-world conditions [W], which is 750WP_TAPower requirement under type-approval conditions [W], which is 350Wη_BEfficiency of the baseline alternator [%], which is 67%

6. Calculation of the CO2 savings

The CO₂ savings of the efficient alternator are to be calculated with Formula 6.

Formula 6

Where:

vMean driving speed of the WLTC [km/h], which is 46,60 km/hV_PeConsumption of effective power specified in the following Table 2:

Table 2
Type of engine	Consumption of effective power (V_pe) [l/kWh]
Petrol/E85	0,264
Petrol/E85 Turbo	0,280
Diesel	0,220
LPG	0,342
LPG Turbo	0,363
	Consumption of effective power (V_pe) [m³/kWh]
CNG (G20)	0,259
CNG (G20) Turbo	0,275

CF: Factor specified in the following Table 3:

Table 3
Type of fuel	Conversion factor (CF) [gCO₂/l]
Petrol/E85	2330
Diesel	2640
LPG	1629
	Conversion factor (CF) [gCO₂/m³]
CNG (G20)	1795

7. Calculation of the statistical error

The statistical errors in the results of the testing methodology caused by the measurements shall be quantified. For each operating point the standard deviation shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 7:

Formula 7

The standard deviation of the efficiency value of the efficient alternator (s_ηEI) shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 8:

Formula 8

The standard deviation of the alternator efficiency (s_ηEI) leads to an error in the CO₂ savings (). That error shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 9:

Formula 9

8. Statistical significance

It has to be demonstrated for each type, variant and version of a vehicle fitted with the efficient alternator that the error in the CO₂ savings calculated in accordance with Formula 9 is not greater than the difference between the total CO₂ savings and the minimum savings threshold specified in Article 9(1) of Regulation (EU) No 725/2011 (see Formula 10).

Formula 10

Where:

MTMinimum threshold [gCO₂/km]Total CO₂ saving [gCO₂/km]Standard deviation of the total CO₂ saving [gCO₂/km]CO₂ correction coefficient due to the positive mass difference between the efficient alternator and the baseline alternator. shall be calculated following Table 4:

Table 4
Petrol/E85 (ΔCO_2mP) [g CO₂/km]	0,0277•Δm
Diesel (ΔCO_2mD) [g CO₂/km]	0,0383•Δm
LPG (ΔCO_2mLPG) [g CO₂/km]	0,0251•Δm
CNG (ΔCO2_mCNG(G20)) [g CO₂/km]	0,0209•Δm

In Table 4, ‘Δm’ is the extra mass due to the installation of the efficient alternator. It is the positive difference between the mass of the efficient alternator and the mass of baseline alternator. The mass of the baseline alternator is 7 kg. On the evaluation of the extra mass the manufacturer must hand over verified documentation to the type-approval authority.

9. Test and evaluation report

—Model and mass of the tested alternators

—Description of the bench

—Test results (measured values)

—Calculated results and corresponding formulae.

The report shall include:

10. The efficient alternator to be fitted in vehicles

The type-approval authority shall certify the CO₂ savings based on measurements of the efficient alternator and the baseline alternator using the test methodology set out in this Annex. Where the CO₂ emission savings are below the threshold specified in Article 9(1), the second subparagraph of Article 11(2) of Regulation (EU) No 725/2011 shall apply.