28It is settled case-law that, in accordance with both the need for uniform application of EU law and the principle of equality, the terms of a provision of EU law which, like Article 12(2)(b), makes no express reference to the law of the Member States for the purpose of determining its meaning and scope must normally be given an independent and uniform interpretation throughout the European Union (see, to that effect, judgment of 6 July 2023, Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid (Particularly serious crime), C‑402/22, EU:C:2023:543, paragraph 23 and the case-law cited).
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