43In accordance with settled case-law, the provisions of Regulation No 44/2001 must be interpreted independently, by reference to its scheme and purpose (judgments of 15 November 2012, Gothaer Allgemeine Versicherung and Others, C‑456/11, EU:C:2012:719, paragraph 25, and of 7 March 2018, E.ON Czech Holding, C‑560/16, EU:C:2018:167, paragraph 25 and the case-law cited).
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