128In order to assess the merits of the second ground of appeal, in the first place, it should be recalled, on the one hand, that the principle of equality of arms, which is a corollary of the very concept of a fair hearing, guaranteed in particular by Article 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, requires that each party must be afforded a reasonable opportunity to present his or her case, including his or her evidence, under conditions that do not place him or her at a substantial disadvantage vis-à-vis his or her opponent (judgment of 16 May 2017, Berlioz Investment Fund, C‑682/15, EU:C:2017:373, paragraph 96).
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