30Article 23 of Directive 2008/48 provides, first, that the system of penalties applicable in the event of infringement of the national provisions adopted pursuant to Article 8 of that directive must be established in such a way as to ensure that the penalties are effective, proportionate and dissuasive and, secondly, that the Member States are to take all measures necessary to ensure that they are implemented. Within those limits, the choice of penalties remains within the discretion of the Member States (see, to that effect, judgments of 10 September 2014, Kušionová, C‑34/13, EU:C:2014:2189, paragraph 59 and the case-law cited, and of 5 March 2020, OPR-Finance, C‑679/18, EU:C:2020:167, paragraph 24 and the case-law cited).
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