59In particular, according to the Court’s settled case-law relating to the principle of sincere cooperation, now enshrined in Article 4(3) TEU, while the choice of penalties applicable to infringements of EU law remains within their discretion, Member States must ensure in particular that they are effective, proportionate and dissuasive (see, to that effect, the judgment in LCL Le Crédit Lyonnais, C‑565/12, EU:C:2014:190, paragraph 44 and case-law cited).
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