52Furthermore, to render the classification as a ‘vehicle’, within the meaning of that provision, and, consequently, the scope of the insurance obligation laid down in the first paragraph of Article 3 of Directive 2009/103, dependent on such subjective factors would also undermine the predictability, stability and continuity of that obligation, compliance with which is, however, necessary in order to ensure legal certainty, as is apparent, in essence, from the case-law cited in paragraph 44 above.
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