29It follows that the two concepts, which were defined in the same way in Council Directive 93/104/EC of 23 November 1993 concerning certain aspects of the organisation of working time (OJ 1993 L 307, p. 18) which was succeeded by Directive 2003/88, are mutually exclusive. A worker’s time on stand-by periods must therefore be classified as either ‘working time’ or a ‘rest period’ for the purpose of applying Directive 2003/88, since the directive does not provide for any intermediate category (see, to that effect, judgments of 10 September 2015, Federación de Servicios Privados del sindicato Comisiones obreras, C‑266/14, EU:C:2015:578, paragraphs 25 and 26 and the case-law cited, and of 21 February 2018, Matzak, C‑518/15, EU:C:2018:82, paragraph 55 and the case-law cited).
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