68As is apparent from the wording itself of Article 3(3) of Directive 2009/28, in particular the word ‘may’, Member States are not obliged, in order to promote the use of energy from renewable sources, the adoption of support schemes or, a fortiori, if they choose to adopt such schemes, to design such schemes in the form of tax exemptions or reductions. Member States therefore have discretion as to the measures they consider appropriate to achieve the mandatory national overall targets set in Article 3(1) and (2) of that directive, read in conjunction with Annex I thereto (see, to that effect, judgments of 20 September 2017, Elecdey Carcelen and Others, C‑215/16, C‑216/16, C‑220/16 and C‑221/16, EU:C:2017:705, paragraphs 31 and 32, and of 11 July 2019, Agrenergy and Fusignano Due, C‑180/18, C‑286/18 and C‑287/18, EU:C:2019:605, paragraph 27).
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