27The Court has held that, as is apparent from the very wording of Article 3(3)(a) of Directive 2009/28 and, in particular, the word ‘may’, Member States are not under any obligation, for the purposes of promoting the use of energy produced using renewable sources, to adopt support schemes. They therefore have discretion as to the measures they consider appropriate for the purpose of reaching the mandatory national overall targets set in Article 3(1) and (2) of the directive, read in conjunction with Annex I thereto (see, to that effect, judgment of 20 September 2017, Elecdey Carcelen and Others, C‑215/16, C‑216/16, C‑220/16 and C‑221/16, EU:C:2017:705, paragraphs 31 and 32). That discretion means that Member States are free to adopt, alter of withdraw support schemes, provided that, inter alia, those targets are met.
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