76In the light of the above considerations, the answer to the third question is be Article 12(4) of Directive 2014/24, read in conjunction with the second paragraph of recital 33 and Article 18(1) of that directive, must be interpreted as meaning that cooperation between contracting authorities must not, in accordance with the principle of equal treatment, have the effect of placing a private undertaking in a position of advantage vis-à-vis its competitors.
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