64In the second place, it is apparent from Article 3(10) of that regulation that the concept of a defeat device referred to in that provision covers ‘any’ element of design. In that regard, as the French Government and the Commission submit, it must be found that that definition of a defeat device therefore confers a broad scope on the concept of ‘element of design’, which covers both mechanical parts and the electronic components which control the activation of those parts, where they act on the operation of the emission control system and reduce its effectiveness.
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