58As regards, in the third place, the substantive nature of the failure to fulfil obligations alleged by the Commission under Article 4(3) and (4) of Directive 2011/7, it should be recalled that, in accordance with settled case-law, the question whether a Member State has failed to fulfil its obligations must be determined by reference to the situation prevailing in the Member State at the end of the period laid down in the reasoned opinion (judgment of 18 October 2018, Commission v United Kingdom, C‑669/16, EU:C:2018:844, paragraph 40 and the case-law cited), namely, in the case at hand, on 16 April 2017.
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