67Article 9(1), reproduced essentially in Article 58(1), by requiring Member States to ensure the protection of the European Union’s financial interests and to recover sums unduly paid, expresses, as regards the financing of the common agricultural policy, the duty of general diligence laid down in Article 4(3) TEU (see, to that effect, judgments of 21 February 1991, Germany v Commission, C‑28/89, EU:C:1991:67, paragraph 31; of 21 January 1999, Germany v Commission, C‑54/95, EU:C:1999:11, paragraphs 66 and 177; and of 13 November 2001, France v Commission, C‑277/98, EU:C:2001:603, paragraph 40). That duty, which applies throughout the procedure for the recovery of those sums, means that the national authorities are to effect recovery promptly and in good time, and are to make use of the means of verification and recovery at their disposal in order to ensure that those interests are protected.
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