97Having regard to all of these considerations, it must be concluded that the Kingdom of the Netherlands is, by virtue of its obligations as Member State under the first paragraph of Article 131 of the EC Treaty (subsequently the first paragraph of Article 182 EC, now the first paragraph of Article 198 TFEU) and Article 4(3) TEU, liable, vis-à-vis the European Union, for any issue by the authorities of Curaçao and Aruba of EUR. 1 certificates in breach of the 1991 and 2001 OCT Decisions (see, by analogy, judgment of today’s date, Commission v United Kingdom (Liability for the action of an OCT), C‑391/17, paragraph 95).
Source: EUR-Lex, © European Union, 1998-2026. Reuse authorised under Decision 2011/833/EU.