95Having regard to all of these considerations, it must be concluded that the United Kingdom is, by virtue of its obligations as Member State under the first paragraph of Article 131 of the EC Treaty (subsequently the first paragraph of Article 182 EC, now the first paragraph of Article 198 TFEU) and Article 4(3) TEU, liable, vis-à-vis the European Union, for any issue by the Anguillan authorities of EXP certificates in breach of the OCT Decision (see, by analogy, judgment of today’s date, Commission v Netherlands (Liability for the action of an OCT), C‑395/17, paragraph 97).
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