25In that regard, it must be recalled, first of all, that the requirement for the contracting authority to observe the principle of equal treatment of tenderers which has the aim of promoting the development of healthy and effective competition between undertakings taking part in a public procurement procedure (see, inter alia, judgments of 29 April 2004, Commission v CAS Succhi di Frutta, C‑496/99 P, EU:C:2004:236, paragraph 110, and of 12 March 2015, eVigilo, C‑538/13, EU:C:2015:166, paragraph 33) and which lies at the very heart of the EU rules on public procurement procedures (see, inter alia, judgments of 22 June 1993, Commission v Denmark, C‑243/89, EU:C:1993:257, paragraph 33; of 25 April 1996, Commission v Belgium, C‑87/94, EU:C:1996:161, paragraph 51; and of 18 October 2001, SIAC Construction, C‑19/00, EU:C:2001:553, paragraph 33) means, inter alia, that tenderers must be in a position of equality both when they formulate their tenders and when those tenders are being assessed by the contracting authority (see judgments of 16 December 2008, Michaniki, C‑213/07, EU:C:2008:731, paragraph 45, and of 24 May 2016, MT Højgaard and Züblin, C‑396/14, EU:C:2016:347, paragraph 37).
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