17It is settled case-law that, for a measure, as State aid, to come within Article 87(1) EC, first, there must be an intervention by the State or through State resources; second, the intervention must be liable to affect trade between Member States; third, it must confer an advantage on the recipient; fourth, it must distort or threaten to distort competition, on the assumption that all those conditions must be cumulatively fulfilled (see, inter alia, judgment in Commission v Deutsche Post, C‑399/08 P, EU:C:2010:481, paragraphs 38 and 39 and the case-law cited).
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