Judgment_paragraph 17 · Angelo Alberto Torresi and Pierfrancesco Torresi v Consiglio dell’Ordine degli Avvocati di Macerata (C-58/13, C-59/13)

17In that regard, it must be recalled that, in accordance with settled case-law of the Court, in order to determine whether a body making a reference is a ‘court or tribunal’ for the purposes of Article 267 TFEU, the Court takes account of a number of factors, such as whether the body is established by law, whether it is permanent, whether its jurisdiction is compulsory, whether its procedure is inter partes, whether it applies rules of law and whether it is independent (see, inter alia, the judgments in Miles and Others, C‑196/09, EU:C:2011:388, paragraph 37 and case-law cited, and Belov, C‑394/11, EU:C:2013:48, paragraph 38).