Judgment_paragraph 54 · Ministero dell'Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio e del Mare and Others v Fipa Group srl and Others (C-534/13)

54As follows from Articles 4(5) and 11(2) of Directive 2004/35, read in conjunction with recital 13 thereto, in order for the environmental liability mechanism to be effective and for remedial measures to be required of an operator, the competent authority must establish a causal link between the activity of one or more identifiable operators and concrete and quantifiable damage, irrespective of the type of pollution at issue (see, to that effect, judgment in ERG and Others, EU:C:2010:126, paragraphs 52 and 53, and order in Buzzi Unicem and Others, EU:C:2010:129, paragraph 39).