35As regards, firstly, the material element of pay, it is apparent from the case-law of the Court that the concept of ‘pay’, within the meaning of Article 157 TFEU, must be interpreted broadly. It covers, in particular, any consideration, whether in cash or in kind, whether immediate or future, provided that the worker receives it, albeit indirectly, in respect of his or her employment from his or her employer, and irrespective of whether it is received under a contract of employment, by virtue of legislative provisions or on a voluntary basis (see Case C-360/90 Bötel [1992] ECR I-3589, paragraph 12, and Case C-167/97 Seymour-Smith and Perez [1999] ECR I-623, paragraph 29).
Source: EUR-Lex, © European Union, 1998-2026. Reuse authorised under Decision 2011/833/EU.