48The Court of Justice alone therefore has jurisdiction to determine that an act of the European Union, such as Directive 2008/101, is invalid (see Case 314/85 Foto-Frost [1987] ECR 4199, paragraph 17; Joined Cases C-143/88 and C-92/89 Zuckerfabrik Süderdithmarschen and Zuckerfabrik Soest [1991] ECR I-415, paragraph 17; Case C-6/99 Greenpeace France and Others [2000] ECR I-1651, paragraph 54; IATA and ELFAA, paragraph 27; and Joined Cases C-188/10 and C-189/10 Melki and Abdeli [2010] ECR I-5667, paragraph 54).
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