27In that respect, it should be noted that the purpose of Directive 2003/6 — as is reiterated, in particular, in recitals 2 and 12 in the preamble thereto — is to protect the integrity of EU financial markets and to enhance investor confidence in those markets. That confidence depends on, inter alia, investors being placed on an equal footing and protected against the improper use of insider information and price manipulations (see, to that effect, Case C-45/08 Spector Photo Group and Van Raemdonck [2009] ECR I-12073, paragraph 47).
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