92It must be recalled that in all proceedings in which sanctions, especially fines or penalty payments, may be imposed observance of the rights of the defence is a fundamental principle of European Union law which has been emphasised on numerous occasions in the case-law of the Court (see, Case C-194/99 P Thyssen Stahl v Commission [2003] ECR I-10821, paragraph 30; Case C-289/04 P Showa Denko v Commission [2006] ECR I-5859, paragraph 68; Case C-3/06 P Groupe Danone v Commission [2007] ECR I-1331, paragraph 68), and which has been enshrined in Article 48(2) of the Charter of Fundamental Right of the European Union.
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