160The concept of single infringement can also be applied to the personal nature of liability for the infringements of the competition rules. An undertaking which has participated in an infringement by virtue of its own conduct, which met the definition of an agreement or a concerted practice within the meaning of Article 81(1) EC and which was intended to help to bring about the infringement as a whole, may also be responsible for the conduct of other undertakings followed in the context of the same infringement throughout the period of its participation in the infringement. That is the case where it is proved that the undertaking in question was aware of the unlawful conduct of the other participants, or that it could reasonably have foreseen that conduct, and that it was prepared to accept the risk. That conclusion has its origin in a widespread conception in the legal orders of the Member States concerning the attribution of responsibility for infringements committed by several perpetrators according to their participation in the infringement as a whole. It is not therefore contrary to the principle that responsibility for such infringements is personal in nature, it does not ignore the individual analysis of the incriminating evidence and it does not breach the rights of defence of the undertakings involved (Commission v Anic Partecipazioni, cited in paragraph 150 above, paragraphs 83, 84 and 203, and HFB and Others v Commission, cited in paragraph 150 above, paragraph 231).
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