19Concerning this form of investment, the Court has stated that national measures must be regarded as ‘restrictions’ within the meaning of Article 56(1) EC if they are liable to prevent or limit the acquisition of shares in the undertakings concerned or to deter investors of other Member States from investing in their capital (see Commission v Portugal, paragraph 45; Commission v France, paragraph 41; Commission v Spain, paragraph 61; Commission v United Kingdom, paragraph 47; Commission v Italy, paragraphs 30 and 31; and Commission v Netherlands, paragraph 20).
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