Canada Production Insurance Regulations

Contents

Whereas, pursuant to subsection 18(2) of the Farm Income Protection Act, the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food has consulted with the provinces that are parties to the agreements entered into pursuant to subsections 4(1) and 12(5) of that Act concerning the annexed Canada Production Insurance Regulations;Whereas the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food has been of the opinion that exceptional circumstances exist that require that action be taken outside the scope of the crop insurance programs established under the agreements entered into under subsection 4(1) of that Act, in order to compensate producers for damage to agricultural products that is caused by wildlife, and the Minister has consulted with those provinces under subsection 12(1) of that Act to determine the appropriate action to be taken to remedy those circumstances;And whereas the Governor in Council, following those consultations, has authorized the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food under subsection 12(5) of that Act to enter into agreements with one or more of those provinces for the purpose of assisting producers of agricultural products with respect to damage to agricultural products that is caused by wildlife;Therefore, Her Excellency the Governor General in Council, on the recommendation of the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food, pursuant to subsection 18(1) of the Farm Income Protection Act, hereby makes the annexed Canada Production Insurance Regulations.^note

Interpretation

1Definitions#

The following definitions apply in these Regulations.

Act means the Farm Income Protection Act. (Loi)

actuarially sound manner, in respect of premium rates under an insurance plan, means that the premium rates provide for all costs associated with the transfer of risk and are an estimate of the expected value of future losses under the insurance plan. (saines pratiques d’actuariat)

actuary means a Fellow of the Canadian Institute of Actuaries. (actuaire)

coverage level means the percentage of the value of production of an agricultural product that is insured under an insurance plan. (niveau de protection)

exposure unit means a unit of measurement of an agricultural product that is used to determine the amount of insurance coverage and related premiums under an insurance contract. (unité d’exposition)

farm enterprise means all exposure units of agricultural products that are produced by a producer or by two or more producers who have a common interest in the agricultural products. (exploitation agricole)

insurance plan means a set of insurance features under an insurance program for an agricultural product. (régime d’assurance)

insurance program means a crop insurance program that provides insurance coverage that is based or not based on yield and that may provide for wildlife compensation. (programme d’assurance production)

insured producer means a holder of a contract of insurance who has an insurable interest in one or more agricultural products covered by the contract. (producteur assuré)

national certification guidelines means guidelines, developed by Canada in consultation with the provinces, as amended from time to time, that describe the work and documentation needed in preparing the certifications required by these Regulations and that are available on request from the Minister. (lignes directrices nationales sur les certifications)

new agricultural product means an agricultural product for which protection is offered under an insurance plan at a coverage level that does not exceed 70% of the value of production of the agricultural product and for which insufficient data exists to meet the national certification guidelines. (nouveau produit agricole)

production guarantee means the amount of insurance protection provided under an insurance contract for an agricultural product, based on the probable yield of the agricultural product, the exposure units insured and the coverage level established under the contract. (garantie de production)

production insurance agreement means an agreement entered into by Canada and a province to allow contributions to be made by the parties to an insurance program. (accord sur l’assurance production)

responsible officer means, in respect of any province, the person or persons designated by the province to be responsible for the administration of the province’s insurance program. (agent compétent)

risk area [Repealed, SOR/2018-118, s. 1]

risk-splitting benefit means insurance coverage benefits that are deemed to be risk-splitting benefits in accordance with subsection 4(4). (garantie de fractionnement du risque)

wildlife compensation means an amount that is paid to producers to compensate them for damage that is specified in a production insurance agreement and that

(a)is caused by wildlife specified in the agreement; and

(b)is not included as part of an insurance plan. (indemnités pour les dommages causés par la faune)

General Provisions for Programs and Plans Based or Not Based on Yield

New Agricultural Products and Changes to Insurance Plans

2Eligible agricultural products#

(1)A production insurance agreement shall provide for the agricultural products eligible for coverage under the insurance plan.

(2)The agreement shall provide that any proposal by the province, that is intended to take effect in the following year, for the introduction of an insurance plan for a new agricultural product, or for a change to an insurance program or insurance plan, that has a financial impact shall be submitted by the responsible officer of the province to the Minister, in writing, with complete operational details and an estimate of the financial impact at least 60 days before the proposed date of implementation, unless otherwise agreed to by Canada and the province.

(3)The agreement shall provide that Canada shall

(a)inform the responsible officer of the province in writing, as soon as possible, whether the proposal is eligible for contributions; and

(b)outline any elements of the proposal that are not in compliance with the Act or these Regulations.

^note

Coverage Levels

3Maximum coverage levels#

A production insurance agreement shall provide that the manner of determining the percentage of the value of production of an agricultural product that may be insured, as set out in the agreement, shall be subject to the following maximum level:

(a)90% of the probable yield for insurance plans based on yield;

(b)90% of the value of production for insurance plans not based on yield if production of the agricultural product is reduced by weather or other agricultural perils; and

(c)for all other insurance plans not based on yield, as covered under section 15, 100% of the value of production minus the long-term average loss percentage for the agricultural product or 90% of the value of production if the long-term average loss percentage cannot be determined.

Determination of Losses

4Insured perils#

(1)A production insurance agreement shall provide that all insurance contracts to which the agreement applies, except those covering losses specified in paragraph 15(c), shall provide insurance against more than one of the perils specified in the agreement.

(2)The agreement shall provide that losses of a farm enterprise, with the exception of the losses referred to in section 15, shall be determined by subtracting the total production of an agricultural product, adjusted for any quality losses, from the total production guarantee for the agricultural product on all exposure units of the farm enterprise.

(3)The agreement shall provide that, for the losses in respect of an agricultural product to be determined separately under an insurance plan, the agricultural product shall meet the following criteria:

(a)the agricultural product can be distinguished from other like agricultural products;

(b)the agricultural product has a separate market price from other like agricultural products;

(c)the agricultural product has different productive capabilities or production risks from other like agricultural products; and

(d)there is sufficient volume of production and availability of data to ensure the financial viability of an insurance plan related to the agricultural product.

(4)The agreement shall provide that any insurance coverage benefit under an insurance contract that is an exception to subsections (1) to (3) is deemed to be a risk-splitting benefit.

(5)The agreement shall provide that the risk-splitting benefit shall be subject to the level of premium support from Canada that is associated with high-cost production coverage, as set out in the agreement, and shall be supported as being feasible by documentation that demonstrates that the following conditions are met:

(a)standards and procedures for adjusting losses are in place;

(b)administrative resources agreed to as adequate by the parties to the agreement are available;

(c)administrative costs associated with the risk-splitting benefit are reported separately from the other administrative costs associated with insurance plans; and

(d)there is sufficient volume of production and availability of data to ensure the financial viability of the risk-splitting benefits.

(6)The agreement shall provide that if there is a risk-splitting benefit under an insurance contract, there shall be loss adjustment and payment processes to ensure that damage is paid for only once or that any indemnity payable under a risk-splitting benefit is deducted from any other indemnities payable under an insurance contract.

^note

5Risk-splitting benefit#

A production insurance agreement shall provide that a risk-splitting benefit may be subject to the level of premium support from Canada that is associated with comprehensive production coverage, as set out in the agreement, if one of the following conditions is met:

(a)the province can prove that the risk-splitting benefits arise from third-party intervention;

(b)the province demonstrates, by a statistical analysis, that operating a risk-splitting benefit results in indemnity payments that are less than would otherwise be paid under the insurance plan; or

(c)the total costs of the risk-splitting benefit are less than the total costs for the same perils and coverage level under an insurance plan that does not provide risk-splitting benefits.

^note

Manner of Determining Premium Rates

6Premium rate methodologies#

(1)A production insurance agreement shall provide for premium rate methodologies and shall provide that

(a)premium rates shall be determined in accordance with those methodologies; and

(b)those methodologies shall be subject to the national certification guidelines.

(2)Those premium rate methodologies shall reflect the following requirements:

(a)premium rates shall be established in an actuarially sound manner;

(b)premium rates shall provide for an amount to be applied to the repayment of a deficit under the insurance program;

(c)premium rates for risk-splitting benefits shall be determined separately from the premium rates for other benefits in the insurance plan;

(d)all elements of an insurance plan or program that have cost implications shall be included in the determination of premiums; and

(e)premium rates shall include a margin for building reserves.

7Actuary’s opinions#

(1)A production insurance agreement shall

(a)require the submission of

(i)an opinion, signed by an actuary, certifying that premium rate methodologies have been established in an actuarially sound manner, and

(ii)an opinion, signed by an actuary, certifying that the insurance program is self-sustaining; and

(b)provide for the date for meeting the requirements of paragraph (a).

(2)Until the opinions required by paragraph (1)(a) are submitted, Canada shall limit its payments toward premium and reinsurance payments under the agreement in respect of the relevant fiscal year and subsequent fiscal years to the following amounts:

(a)90% of the amount otherwise payable under the agreement if one of the requirements of paragraph (1)(a) is met; or

(b)80% of the amount otherwise payable under the agreement if neither of the requirements of paragraph (1)(a) is met.

(3)If the requirements of paragraph 1(a) have not been met, premium receipts used for calculating a payment from the Crop Reinsurance Fund shall be determined by the Minister using the estimated premium receipts that would have been collected if the opinions had indicated that the requirements of that paragraph had been met.

(4)The opinion referred to in subparagraph (1)(a)(i) is not required with respect to the manner of establishing premium rates for new agricultural products.

^note

Coverage Based on Yields

Probable Yields

8Probable yield methodologies#

(1)A production insurance agreement shall provide for probable yield methodologies and shall provide that

(a)probable yields shall be determined in accordance with those methodologies; and

(b)those methodologies shall be subject to the national certification guidelines.

(2)In establishing those methodologies, a statistical measure of yield that is based on actual yields per seeded area shall be used. That measure may be adjusted to reflect the demonstrated productive capability of producers and may take into account the average level of quality produced related to the levels of quality of the agricultural product provided for in an insurance plan.

(3)If insurance data is unavailable or unrepresentative as a data source for determining the probable yield of an agricultural product, other data sources may be used, as agreed to by the parties to the agreement.

^note

9Actuary’s opinion#

(1)A production insurance agreement shall

(a)require the submission of an opinion, signed by an actuary, certifying that the probable yield methodologies result in probable yields that accurately reflect the producers’ production capability for the agricultural product;

(b)if that opinion is qualified, require the disclosure by the actuary of the extent and sources of any bias in the methodology; and

(c)provide for the date for meeting the requirements of paragraph (a).

(2)Until the opinion required by paragraph (1)(a) is submitted, Canada shall limit its payments toward premium and reinsurance payments under the agreement in respect of the relevant fiscal year and subsequent fiscal years to 75% of the amount otherwise payable under the agreement.

(3)If the opinion of the actuary indicates that there is a bias in the probable yield methodology, payments by Canada shall be limited to the amount that would otherwise be provided for under the agreement.

^note

10Definitions#

(1)The following definitions apply in this section.

provincial actual yield to provincial probable yield ratio means the weighted average of all actual or reported yields for a year, adjusted to reflect the level of quality that is provided for in an insurance plan, divided by the provincial probable yield for that year. (rapport entre le rendement réel provincial et le rendement probable provincial)

provincial moving average yield means the mean of the annual weighted averages of actual or reported yields, adjusted to reflect the level of quality that is provided for in an insurance plan. (moyenne mobile du rendement provincial)

provincial probable yield means the weighted average of probable yields, determined in accordance with section 8, of all producers insured under an insurance plan for a year. (rendement probable provincial)

provincial probable yield to provincial moving average yield ratio means the provincial probable yield for a year, divided by the provincial moving average yield for that year. (rapport entre le rendement probable provincial et la moyenne mobile du rendement provincial)

(2)A production insurance agreement shall require the province to submit documents to the Minister to demonstrate, using insurance data of previous years, that the provincial probable yield of an agricultural product in a year meets either of the following tests, which shall be subject to the national certification guidelines:

(a)the provincial probable yield to provincial moving average yield ratio for the year does not exceed a value of 1.015; or

(b)the mean of the provincial actual yield to provincial probable yield ratio, based on ten years or more, is a value not less than 0.985.

11Time for compliance#

(1)A production insurance agreement shall include a schedule, in accordance with the national certification guidelines, that sets out the deadline for the province to submit the documents referred to in subsection 10(2) for each insurance plan that is based on yield.

(2)Until the province submits the documents required by subsection 10(2), Canada shall limit its payments toward premium and reinsurance payments under the agreement in respect of the relevant fiscal year and subsequent fiscal years to 75% of the amount otherwise payable under the agreement.

(3)If the documents submitted by the province do not demonstrate, using insurance data of previous years, that the provincial probable yield for an agricultural product in a given year meets the test set out in either paragraph 10(2)(a) or (b), payments by Canada shall be limited to the amount that would otherwise have been payable under the agreement.

^note

Unit Value of an Agricultural Product

12Unit value methodologies#

(1)A production insurance agreement shall provide for methodologies for use in determining the value of eligible agricultural products and shall provide that

(a)the unit values shall be determined in accordance with those methodologies; and

(b)those methodologies shall be subject to the national certification guidelines.

(2)Those unit value methodologies shall be based on one of the following:

(a)a market price method that reflects estimated or actual farmgate or replacement values of the production;

(b)a cost of production method using standard accounting procedures and recommended provincial agronomic practices; or

(c)an alternative method provided for in the agreement.

^note

13Maximum unit value#

A production insurance agreement shall provide that the province shall submit documents to the Minister to demonstrate, using historical market prices or replacement values, that the maximum unit value of an agricultural product meets either of the following tests, which shall be subject to the national certification guidelines:

(a)the ratio of the average of the maximum unit values to the moving average of the farmgate or replacement values, based on three or more years, does not exceed a value of 1.0; or

(b)the average of the ratios of the maximum unit value to the actual farmgate or replacement value, based on three or more years, does not exceed a value of 1.0.

^note

14Time for compliance#

(1)A production insurance agreement shall provide for the establishment of a schedule, in accordance with the national certification guidelines, that sets out the deadline for the province to submit the documents referred to in section 13 for each insurance plan that is based on yield.

(2)Until the province submits the documents required by section 13, Canada shall limit its payments toward premium and reinsurance payments under the agreement in respect of the relevant fiscal year and subsequent fiscal years to 90% of the amount otherwise payable under the agreement.

(3)If the province submits the documents required by section 13 but the values determined under paragraphs 13(a) and (b) exceed 1.0, payments by Canada shall be limited to the level of federal premium support provided for high-cost production coverage as set out in the agreement.

(4)If the values determined under paragraphs 13(a) and (b) exceed 1.0 and the province cannot demonstrate that adequate administrative procedures are in place to prevent moral hazard, payments by Canada shall be based on the lower of the values determined under those paragraphs, which is deemed to be 1.0.

(5)Subject to subsections (3) and (6), if the values determined under paragraphs 13(a) and (b) exceed 1.0 and the province can demonstrate that adequate administrative procedures are in place to prevent moral hazard, payments by Canada shall be based on the lower of the values determined under those paragraphs, which is deemed to be 1.2 if it exceeds 1.2.

(6)Despite subsection (3), if the province can demonstrate that the methodology used to determine the unit value contains no bias, only payments by Canada related to the extent that the lower of the values determined under paragraphs 13(a) and (b) exceeds 1.0 shall be limited to the level of federal premium support provided for high-cost production coverage as set out in the agreement.

^note

Coverage Not Based on Yield

15Insurable losses#

If a probable yield is not used as the basis of determining coverage under an insurance plan, the following losses, in whole or in part, may be covered in an insurance plan:

(a)losses in respect of stands of fruit trees or other perennial plants;

(b)losses in respect of livestock; and

(c)losses in respect of agricultural products caused by production being prevented or reduced by weather or another agricultural peril.

16Value of production methodologies#

(1)A production insurance agreement shall provide for methodologies for determining the value of production and shall provide that

(a)values of production shall be determined in accordance with those methodologies; and

(b)those methodologies shall be subject to the national certification guidelines.

(2)Those methodologies are also subject to the following maximum limits:

(a)for losses referred to in paragraphs 15(a) and (b),

(i)the average cost to re-establish the interrupted production resulting from the loss of the fruit trees, perennial plants or livestock,

(ii)80% of the present value of the expected net income for the period required to re-establish production, where net income is the difference between the value of production of an agricultural product and the average costs of production,

(iii)the average costs of production incurred with an insured agricultural product, or

(iv)the expected or actual value of an insured agricultural product; and

(b)for losses referred to in paragraph 15(c),

(i)the average costs of operations in preparation for seeding and planting, namely, summer-fallowing, cultivating, fertilizing the land, purchasing plants for transplanting and other related activities, and the costs incurred with respect to land rental,

(ii)80% of the expected net income for an agricultural product, where net income is the value of production of the agricultural product minus the average costs of production incurred for the agricultural product,

(iii)the average costs of production incurred with an insured agricultural product, or

(iv)the expected or actual value of an insured agricultural product.

17Tests for value of production#

A production insurance agreement shall provide that the province shall submit documents to the Minister to demonstrate that the value of production of an agricultural product in the province meets either of the following tests, which shall be subject to the national certification guidelines:

(a)the ratio of the average of the maximum values of production to the moving average of the farmgate or replacement values, based on five or more years of historical data, does not exceed a value of 1.0; or

(b)the average of the ratios of the maximum value of production to the actual farmgate or replacement value, based on five or more years of historical data, does not exceed a value of 1.0.

^note

18Deadlines for compliance#

(2)Until the province submits the documents required by section 17, Canada shall limit its payments toward premium and reinsurance payments under the agreement in respect of the relevant fiscal year and subsequent fiscal years to 90% of the amount otherwise payable under the agreement.

(3)If the province submits the documents required by section 17 and the values determined under subparagraphs 17(a) and (b) exceed a value of 1.0, payments by Canada shall be limited to the level of federal premium support provided for high-cost production coverage as set out in the agreement.

(4)If the values determined under paragraphs 17(a) and (b) exceed 1.0 and the province cannot demonstrate that adequate administrative procedures are in place to prevent moral hazard, payments by Canada under the agreement shall be based on the lower of the values determined under those paragraphs, which is deemed to be 1.0.

(5)Subject to subsections (3) and (6), if the values determined under paragraphs 17(a) and (b) exceed 1.0 and the province can demonstrate that adequate administrative procedures are in place to prevent moral hazard, payments by Canada under the agreement shall be based on the lower of the values determined under those paragraphs, which is deemed to be 1.2 if it exceeds 1.2.

(6)Despite subsection (3), if the province can demonstrate that the methodology used to determine the value of production contains no bias, only payments by Canada related to the extent that the lower of the values determined under paragraphs 17(a) and (b) exceeds 1.0 shall be limited to the level of federal premium support provided for high-cost production coverage as set out in the agreement.

^note

Wildlife Compensation

19Federal contribution#

(1)A production insurance agreement shall provide that Canada may contribute to wildlife compensation for

(a)damage or injury to an eligible agricultural product caused by wildlife, which may include eligible costs related to repair, replacement or medical treatment of the agricultural product; and

(b)the repair or replacement of eligible structures that are vital to the production of the agricultural product that have been damaged by wildlife.

(2)For the purpose of subsection (1), all eligible agricultural products, structures that are vital to the production of the agricultural products, costs and other conditions for payment shall be provided for in the agreement.

^note

20Value of damage or injury#

(1)For the purpose of paragraph 19(1)(a), a production insurance agreement shall provide that the value of damage or injury to an eligible agricultural product caused by wildlife shall be determined by subtracting the value of the agricultural product that is produced after the damage or injury occurred from the value of the agricultural product that, based on an inspection of the damage or injury, it is estimated would have been produced before the occurrence of the damage or injury.

(2)For the purpose of paragraph 19(1)(b), a production insurance agreement shall provide that the value of the damage to an eligible structure caused by wildlife shall be determined as being the cost to have the structure repaired or replaced.

21Limit on payments#

(1)A production insurance agreement shall provide that the amount of wildlife compensation paid to a producer for damage or injury to an eligible agricultural product or structure may not exceed 80% of the value of the damage or injury.

(2)For the purpose of subsection (1), the agreement shall provide for the manner of determining the value of the eligible agricultural product.

^note

22No double compensation#

A production insurance agreement shall provide loss adjustment and payment processes to ensure that damage or injury is paid for only once if damage or injury to an agricultural product caused by wildlife is eligible for payments both under an insurance plan and as wildlife compensation.^note

Payments by Canada

23Negligence in program administration#

A production insurance agreement shall provide that no contribution shall be made by the federal government to premiums, wildlife compensation costs for eligible agricultural products, and related administrative expenses that are a consequence of negligence, including wrongful dismissal of personnel, in the administration of the insurance program.^note

24Breach of agreement#

A production insurance agreement shall provide that, if there is a failure by the province to comply with a requirement of these Regulations, other than a requirement to which subsection 7(3), 9(3), 11(3), 14(3) or 18(3) applies, the Minister may withhold payment of that portion of the contributions under the agreement that relates to the non-compliance until the situation is rectified.^note

25Cumulative limitation of payments#

The cumulative effect of the limitation of payments provided for in subsections 7(2), 9(2), 11(2), 14(2) and 18(2) and section 24 shall not exceed 25% of the amount otherwise payable by Canada toward premium payments under an agreement for each year.

Records and Information

26Documentation#

A production insurance agreement shall provide that the province shall maintain, and shall provide to the Minister when requested to do so, any documentation related to

(a)the establishment of the amounts of the protection for producers;

(b)the procedures and measures used to determine production losses, quality losses and losses that are covered by insurance plans that are not based on yield, including those losses associated with risk-splitting and wildlife compensation; and

(c)the administrative procedures required to carry out the administration of an insurance plan or wildlife compensation.

^note

27Insurance plan records#

A production insurance agreement shall provide that the province shall keep records in relation to the following items in respect of an insurance plan:

(a)producer identification, agricultural product identification, risk-splitting benefits and elements of insurance plan identification, year, distinguishable groups of producers, risk area, area insured or exposure unit, probable yield per area, actual yield per seeded area or production per seeded area, value of production per agricultural product, coverage level, unit value, unit value net of non-incurred cost if the cost of production method is used, unit value of risk-splitting benefits, elements of the insurance plan, percentage premium rate, total premiums paid, premium discount or surcharge levels, risk-splitting benefits and elements of the insurance plan loss percentage and level of protection; and

(b)the number of claims for indemnity, summaries of agricultural product losses or of the number of exposure units indicating the nature and extent of loss and the number and amount of indemnity payments paid, according to agricultural products or exposure units, risk-splitting benefits and elements of the insurance plan and insurance areas.

^note

28Wildlife compensation records#

If a production insurance agreement includes wildlife compensation, the agreement shall provide that the province shall keep records on the amount of production and value of losses, the number of producers paid, the extent of damage incurred by the agricultural product or area and the value of any structural damage caused by wildlife for which payments are made.^note

29Reports and information#

(1)A production insurance agreement shall provide that the province shall provide the Minister with the following reports and information:

(a)an annual report on the administration of the insurance program, including wildlife compensation, if applicable, that sets out the audited financial statements, including

(i)information on the status of the provincial production insurance reserve and provincial production reinsurance funds, if applicable, and

(ii)current information by agricultural product, including the number of insurance contracts written, the amount of insurance in force, the number of exposure units or the area insured, the number of producers insured, the amount of premiums collected and the number and total amount of indemnities paid for that year;

(b)a quarterly report estimating, by agricultural product, the number of insurance contracts written, the amount of insurance in force, the amount of premiums paid, the number of exposure units or the area insured, the number of claims paid and the amount of indemnities paid;

(c)a quarterly report estimating, by agricultural product, the number of claims for indemnity and the amount of indemnities paid for wildlife compensation; and

(d)reports and information for the insurance plans, and wildlife compensation, if applicable, requested by Canada for the purpose of auditing, evaluating and forecasting Canada’s future financial commitments and to ensure adequate linkages between insurance programs and other business risk management programs.

(2)For the purpose of paragraph (1)(d), the agreement shall provide for the specific data to be provided.

(3)The requirement to provide information under subsection (1) is subject to the province’s privacy legislation.

^note

Repeal

30Regulations repealed#

[Repeal]

Application and Coming into Force

31Application#

(1)Sections 2 to 29 apply in respect of payments by Canada on or after the day on which these Regulations come into force in respect of losses that occur after March 31, 2004.

(2)These Regulations come into force on the day on which they are registered.

Federal laws of Canada reproduced under the Reproduction of Federal Law Order (SI/97-5); not the official version. Source: Justice Laws Website.