7 U.S.C. Chapter 89 — PECAN PROMOTION AND RESEARCH

Contents

Chapter 89 · Pecan promotion and research

6001Findings and declaration of policy#

(a)Congress finds that—

(1)pecans are a native American nut that is an important food, and is a valuable part of the human diet;

(2)the production of pecans plays a significant role in the economy of the United States in that pecans are produced by thousands of pecan producers, shelled and processed by numerous shellers and processors, and pecans produced in the United States are consumed by millions of people throughout the United States and foreign countries;

(3)pecans must be high quality, readily available, handled properly, and marketed efficiently to ensure that consumers have an adequate supply of pecans;

(4)the maintenance and expansion of existing markets and development of new markets for pecans are vital to the welfare of pecan producers and those concerned with marketing, using, and producing pecans, as well as to the general economy of the United States, and necessary to ensure the ready availability and efficient marketing of pecans;

(5)there exist established State organizations conducting pecan promotion, research, and industry and consumer education programs that are invaluable to the efforts of promoting the consumption of pecans;

(6)the cooperative development, financing, and implementation of a coordinated national program of pecan promotion, research, industry information, and consumer information are necessary to maintain and expand existing markets and develop new markets for pecans; and

(7)pecans move in interstate and foreign commerce, and pecans that do not move in such channels of commerce directly burden or affect interstate commerce in pecans.

(b)It is declared to be the policy of Congress that it is in the public interest to authorize the establishment, through the exercise of the powers provided in this chapter, of an orderly procedure for developing, financing (through adequate assessments on pecans produced or imported into the United States), and carrying out an effective, continuous, coordinated program of promotion, research, industry information, and consumer information designed to—

(1)strengthen the pecan industry’s position in the marketplace;

(2)maintain and expand existing domestic and foreign markets and uses for pecans; and

(3)develop new markets and uses for pecans.

(c)Nothing in this chapter may be construed to provide for the control of production or otherwise limit the right of any person to produce pecans.

6002Definitions#

As used in this chapter—

(1)The term “Board” means the Pecan Marketing Board established in section 6005(b) of this title.

(2)The term “commerce” means interstate, foreign, or intrastate commerce.

(3)The term “conflict of interest” means a situation in which a member has a direct or indirect financial interest in a corporation, partnership, sole proprietorship, joint venture, or other business entity dealing directly or indirectly with the Board.

(4)The term “consumer information” means information and programs that will assist consumers and other persons in making evaluations and decisions regarding the purchase, preparation, and use of pecans.

(5)The term “Department” means the Department of Agriculture.

(6)The term “district” means a geographical area of the United States, as determined by the Board and approved by the Secretary, in which there is produced approximately one-fourth of the volume of pecans produced in the United States.

(7)The term “first handler” means the first person who buys or takes possession of pecans from a grower for marketing. If a grower markets pecans directly to consumers, such grower shall be considered the first handler with respect to pecans grown by such grower.

(8)The term “grower” means any person engaged in the production and sale of pecans in the United States who owns, or who shares the ownership and risk of loss of, such pecans.

(9)The term “grower-sheller” means a person who—

(A)shells pecans, or has pecans shelled for such person, in the United States; and

(B)during the immediately previous year, grew 50 percent or more of the pecans such person shelled or had shelled for such person.

(10)The term “handle” means receipt of in-shell pecans by a sheller or first handler, including pecans produced by such sheller or first handler.

(11)The term “importer” means any person who imports pecans from outside of the United States for sale in the United States.

(12)The term “industry information” means information and programs that will lead to the development of new markets and marketing strategies, increased efficiency, and activities to enhance the image of the pecan industry.

(13)The term “in-shell pecan” means a pecan that has a shell that has not been removed.

(14)The term “to market” means to sell or offer to dispose of pecans in any channel of commerce.

(15)The term “member” means a member of the Board.

(16)The term “pecan” means the nut of the pecan tree carya illinoensis.

(17)The term “person” means any individual, group of individuals, partnership, corporation, association, cooperative, or any other entity.

(18)The term “plan” means a plan issued under section 6003 of this title.

(19)The term “promotion” means any action taken by the Board, pursuant to this chapter, to present a favorable image of pecans to the public with the express intent of improving the competitive position of pecans in the marketplace and stimulating sales of pecans, including paid advertising.

(20)The term “research” means any type of test, study, or analysis designed to advance the image, desirability, usage, marketability, production, product development, or quality of pecans.

(21)The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Agriculture.

(22)The term “shell” means to remove the shell from an in-shell pecan.

(23)The term “shelled pecan” means a pecan kernel, or portion of a kernel, after the pecan shell has been removed.

(24)The term “sheller” means any person who—

(A)shells pecans or has pecans shelled for the account of such person; and

(B)during the immediately previous year, purchased more than 50 percent of the pecans such person shelled or had shelled for such account.

(25)The term “State” means any of the several States, the District of Columbia and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

(26)The term “United States” means collectively the several States, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

6003Issuance of plans#

(a)To effectuate the declared policy of section 6001(b) of this title, the Secretary shall, subject to this chapter, issue and from time to time amend, plans applicable to growers, grower-shellers, shellers, first handlers, and importers of pecans. Any such plan shall be national in scope. Not more than one plan shall be in effect under this chapter at any one time.

(b)

(1)The Secretary may propose the issuance of a plan under this chapter, or an association of pecan growers or grower-shellers or any other person that will be affected by this chapter may request the issuance of, and submit a proposal for, such a plan.

(2)Not later than 60 days after the receipt of a request and proposal by an interested person for a plan, or when the Secretary determines to propose a plan, the Secretary shall publish a proposed plan and give due notice and opportunity for public comment on the proposed plan.

(3)After notice and opportunity for public comment are given, as provided in paragraph (2), the Secretary shall issue a plan, taking into consideration the comments received and including in the plan provisions necessary to ensure that the plan is in conformity with the requirements of this chapter.

(4)Such plan shall be issued and become effective not later than 150 days following publication of the proposed plan.

(c)The Secretary, from time to time, may amend any plan issued under this section. The provisions of this chapter applicable to a plan shall be applicable to amendments to a plan.

6004Regulations#

The Secretary may issue such regulations as are necessary to carry out this chapter.

6005Required terms in plans#

(a)Each plan issued under this chapter shall contain the terms and conditions prescribed in this section.

(b)

(1)The plan shall establish a Pecan Marketing Board to carry out the program referred to in section 6001(b) of this title.

(2)The Board shall carry out programs and projects that will provide maximum benefit to the pecan industry in all parts of the United States and only generically promote pecans.

(3)The Board shall consist of 15 members, including—

(A)8 members who are growers;

(B)4 members who are shellers;

(C)one member who is a first handler and who derives over 50 percent of the member’s gross income from buying and selling pecans;

(D)one member who is an importer of pecans into the United States, nominated by the Board;

(E)one member representing the general public, nominated by the Board; and

(F)at the option of the Board, a consultant or advisor representing the views of pecan producers in a country other than the United States who may be chosen to attend Board functions as a nonvoting member.

(4)

(A)Of the growers referred to in paragraph (3)(A), 2 members shall be from each district.

(B)Of the shellers referred to in paragraph (3)(B)—

(i)2 members shall be selected from among shellers whose place of residence is east of the Mississippi River; and

(ii)2 members shall be selected from among shellers whose place of residence is west of the Mississippi River.

(C)The first handler representative on the Board referred to in paragraph (3)(C) shall be selected from among first handlers whose place of residence is in a district.

(D)The importer representative on the Board referred to in paragraph (3)(D) shall be an individual who imports pecans into the United States.

(E)The public representative on the Board referred to in paragraph (3)(E) shall not be a grower, grower-sheller, sheller, first handler, or importer.

(5)Each member of the Board shall have an alternate with the same qualifications as the member such alternate would replace.

(6)There shall be no more than one member from each State in each district, except that the State of Georgia may have 2 growers from such State representing the district that it is in.

(7)In accordance with regulations approved by the Secretary, at least once each 3 years and not more than once each 2 years, the Board shall—

(A)review the geographic distribution of pecan production throughout the United States; and

(B)if warranted, recommend to the Secretary that the Secretary reapportion a district in order to reflect the geographic distribution of pecan production.

(8)

(A)The Board shall give reasonable publicity to the industry for nomination of persons interested in being nominated for Board membership.

(B)Each grower and sheller shall be eligible to vote for the nomination of members who represent that class of members on the Board. Growers shall be eligible to vote for the nomination of the first handler members on the Board.

(C)Each person referred to in subparagraph (B) shall have one vote. The 2 eligible candidates receiving the largest number of votes cast for each Board position for each class of members shall be the nominees for such position.

(D)Except for the establishment of the initial Board, the nominations made under subparagraph (C) and subsections (b)(3)(D) and (b)(3)(E) shall be certified by the Board and submitted to the Secretary no later than May 1 or such other date recommended by the Board and approved by the Secretary preceding the commencement of the term of office for Board membership, as established in paragraph (9).

(E)To each vacant Board position, the Secretary shall appoint 1 individual from among the nominees certified and submitted under subparagraph (D).

(F)The Secretary may reject any nominee submitted under subparagraph (D). If there are insufficient nominees from which to appoint members to the Board as a result of the Secretary’s rejecting such nominees, additional nominees shall be submitted to the Secretary in the same manner.

(G)The Secretary shall establish an initial Board from among nominations solicited by the Secretary. For the purpose of obtaining nominations for the members of the initial Board described in subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) of paragraph (3), the Secretary shall perform the functions of the Board under this subsection as the Secretary determines necessary and appropriate. Nominations for those members of the initial Board described in subparagraphs (D) and (E) of paragraph (3) shall be made in accordance with paragraph (3).

(H)If growers and shellers fail to nominate individuals for appointment, the Secretary may appoint members on a basis provided for in the plan. If the Board fails to nominate an importer or a public representative, such member may be appointed without a nomination.

(9)

(A)The members of the Board shall serve for a term of 3 years, except that the members appointed to the initial Board established under paragraph (8)(G) shall serve, proportionately, for terms of 1, 2, and 3 years, as determined by the Secretary.

(B)Notwithstanding subparagraph (C), each member shall continue to serve until a successor is appointed by the Secretary.

(C)No individual may serve more than 2 consecutive 3-year terms as a member.

(D)

(i)To fill any vacancy created by the death, removal, resignation, or disqualification of any member of the Board, the Secretary shall request that at least 2 eligible nominations for a successor for each such vacancy be submitted by the Board in the manner provided in paragraph (8).

(ii)If at least 2 eligible nominations are not submitted under clause (i), the Secretary shall determine the manner of submission of nominations for the vacancy.

(10)A member of the Board shall serve without compensation, but shall be reimbursed for necessary and reasonable expenses incurred in the performance of duties for and approved by the Board.

(c)The plan shall define the powers and duties of the Board, which shall include the power and duty—

(1)to administer the plan in accordance with its terms and conditions;

(2)to make regulations to effectuate the terms and conditions of the plan;

(3)to meet, organize, and select from among members of the Board a chairperson, other officers, and committees and subcommittees, as the Board determines appropriate;

(4)to establish working committees of persons other than Board members;

(5)to employ such persons, other than Board members, as the Board considers necessary and to determine the compensation and define the duties of such persons;

(6)to prepare and submit for the approval of the Secretary, prior to the beginning of each fiscal period, a recommended rate of assessment under section 6007 of this title, and a fiscal period budget of the anticipated expenses in the administration of the plan, including the probable costs of all programs and projects;

(7)to develop programs and projects, subject to subsection (d);

(8)to enter into contracts or agreements, subject to subsection (e), to develop and carry out programs or projects of promotion, research, industry information and consumer information;

(9)to carry out research, promotion, industry information, and consumer information, and to pay the costs of such projects with assessments collected pursuant to section 6007 of this title;

(10)to keep minutes, books, and records that reflect the actions and transactions of the Board, and promptly report minutes of each Board meeting to the Secretary;

(11)to appoint and convene, from time to time, working committees comprised of growers, grower-shellers, first handlers, shellers, importers, and the public to assist in the development of research, promotion, industry information, and consumer information programs for pecans;

(12)to invest, pending disbursement under a program or project, funds collected through assessments authorized under this chapter, only in—

(A)obligations of the United States or any agency thereof;

(B)general obligations of any State or any political subdivision thereof;

(C)any interest-bearing account or certificate of deposit of a bank that is a member of the Federal Reserve System; or

(D)obligations fully guaranteed as to principal and interest by the United States;

except that income from any such invested funds may be used for any purpose for which the invested funds may be used;

(13)to receive, investigate, and report to the Secretary complaints of violations of the plan;

(14)to furnish the Secretary with such information as the Secretary may request;

(15)to recommend to the Secretary amendments to the plan; and

(16)to develop and recommend to the Secretary for approval such regulations as may be necessary for the development and execution of programs or projects, or as may otherwise be necessary, to carry out the plan.

(d)

(1)The plan shall provide that the Board shall submit to the Secretary for approval any program or project of promotion, research, consumer information, or industry information. No program or project shall be implemented prior to its approval by the Secretary.

(2)The plan shall require the Board, prior to the beginning of each fiscal year, or as may be necessary after the beginning of such fiscal year, to submit to the Secretary for approval budgets of its anticipated expenses (including reimbursements under subsection (b)(10)) and disbursements in the implementation of the plan, including projected costs of promotion, research, consumer information, and industry information programs and projects.

(3)The Board may incur such expenses for programs or projects of research, promotion, consumer information, or industry information, and other expenses for the administration, maintenance, and functioning of the Board as may be authorized by the Secretary, including any implementation, administrative, and referendum costs incurred by the Department.

(4)The funds to cover the expenses referred to in paragraph (3) shall be paid by the Board from assessments collected under section 6007 of this title or funds borrowed pursuant to paragraph (5).

(5)In order to meet the expenses referred to in paragraph (3), the Board shall have the authority to borrow funds, as approved by the Secretary, for capital outlays and startup costs.

(6)Effective on the date that is 3 years after the date of the establishment of the Board, the Board shall not spend in excess of 20 percent of the assessments collected under section 6007 of this title for administration of the Board.

(e)

(1)To ensure efficient use of funds, the plan shall provide that the Board may enter into contracts or agreements for the implementation and carrying out of programs or projects of pecan promotion, research, consumer information, or industry information, including contracts with grower and grower-sheller organizations, and for the payment of the cost thereof with funds received by the Board under the plan.

(2)Any such contract or agreement shall provide that—

(A)the contracting party shall develop and submit to the Board a program or project together with a budget or budgets that shall show estimated costs to be incurred for such program or project;

(B)the program or project shall become effective on the approval of the Secretary; and

(C)the contracting party shall keep accurate records of all of its transactions, account for funds received and expended, make periodic reports to the Board of activities conducted, and make such other reports as the Board or the Secretary may require.

(3)The plan shall provide that the Board may contract with grower and grower-sheller organizations for any other services. Any such contract shall include provisions comparable to those required by paragraph (2).

(f)

(1)The plan shall require the Board to—

(A)maintain such books and records (which shall be available to the Secretary for inspection and audit) as the Secretary may prescribe;

(B)prepare and submit to the Secretary, from time to time, such reports as the Secretary may prescribe; and

(C)account for the receipt and disbursement of all funds entrusted to the Board.

(2)The Board shall cause its books and records to be audited by an independent auditor at the end of each fiscal year, and a report of such audit to be submitted to the Secretary.

(g)The Board shall not engage in any action to, nor shall any funds received by the Board under this chapter be used to—

(1)influence legislation or governmental action, other than recommending to the Secretary amendments to the plan;

(2)engage in any action that would be a conflict of interest; or

(3)engage in any advertising that may be false or misleading.

(h)

(1)The plan shall require that each first handler, grower-sheller, or importer shall—

(A)maintain and submit to the Board any reports considered necessary by the Secretary to ensure compliance with this chapter; and

(B)make available during normal business hours, for inspection by employees of the Board or Secretary, such books and records as are necessary to carry out this chapter, including such records as are necessary to verify any required reports.

(2)The records required under paragraph (1) shall be maintained for 2 years beyond the fiscal period of the applicability of such records.

(3)

(A)Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, all information obtained from books, records, or reports required to be maintained under paragraph (1) shall be kept confidential, and shall not be disclosed to the public by any person.

(B)Information referred to in subparagraph (A) may be disclosed to the public only if—

(i)the Secretary considers the information relevant;

(ii)the information is revealed in a suit or administrative hearing brought at the direction or on the request of the Secretary or to which the Secretary or any officer of the Department is a party; and

(iii)the information relates to this chapter.

(C)Any disclosure of confidential information in violation of subparagraph (A) by any Board member or employee of the Board, except as required by other law or allowed under subparagraph (B) or (D), shall be considered a violation of this chapter.

(D)Nothing in this paragraph may be construed to prohibit—

(i)the issuance of general statements, based on the reports, of the number of persons subject to the plan or statistical data collected therefrom, which statements do not identify the information furnished by any person; or

(ii)the publication, by direction of the Secretary, of the name of any person violating the plan, together with a statement of the particular provisions of the plan violated by such person.

(4)

(A)Except as provided in this chapter, information obtained under this chapter may be made available to another agency of the Federal Government for a civil or criminal law enforcement activity if the activity is authorized by law and if the head of the agency has made a written request to the Secretary specifying the particular information desired and the law enforcement activity for which the information is sought.

(B)Any person knowingly violating this subsection, on conviction, shall be subject to a fine of not more than $1,000 or to imprisonment for not more than 1 year, or both, and if an officer or employee of the Board or the Department, shall be removed from office.

(5)Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to authorize the withholding of information from Congress.

(i)The plan shall provide that the assessments collected under section 6007 of this title shall be used for payment of the expenses in implementing and administering this chapter, with provision for a reasonable reserve, and to cover those administrative costs incurred by the Secretary in implementing and administering this chapter, except for the salaries of Government employees incurred in conducting referenda.

(j)The plan also shall contain such terms and conditions, not inconsistent with this chapter, as determined necessary by the Secretary to effectuate this chapter.

6006Permissive terms in plans#

(a)A plan issued pursuant to this chapter may contain one or more of the terms and conditions contained in this section.

(b)The plan may provide authority to exempt from the plan pecans used for nonfood uses and authority for the Board to require satisfactory safeguards against improper uses of such exemptions.

(c)The plan may provide authority to designate different payment and reporting schedules for growers, grower-shellers, first handlers and importers to recognize differences in marketing practices and procedures utilized in different production areas.

(d)The plan may provide for the establishment, issuance, effectuation, and administration of appropriate programs or projects for the promotion of pecans and for the disbursement of necessary funds for such purposes, except that—

(1)any such program or project shall be directed toward increasing the general demand for pecans; and

(2)such promotional activities shall comply with other restrictions on the use of funds that are established under this chapter.

(e)The plan may provide for establishing and carrying on research, consumer information, and industry information projects and studies to the end that the marketing and utilization of pecans may be encouraged, expanded, improved, or made more efficient, and for the disbursement of necessary funds for such purposes.

(f)The plan may provide authority to accumulate reserve funds from assessments collected pursuant to this chapter, to permit an effective and continuous coordinated program of research, consumer information, industry information and promotion in years when the production and assessment income may be reduced, except that the total reserve fund may not exceed the amount budgeted for the operation of the plan for 2 years.

(g)The plan may provide authority to use funds collected under this chapter, with the approval of the Secretary, for the development and expansion of pecan sales in foreign markets.

6007Assessments#

(a)During the effective period of a plan issued pursuant to this chapter, assessments shall be—

(1)levied on all pecans produced in, and all pecans imported into, the United States and marketed; and

(2)deducted from the payment made to a grower for all pecans sold to a first handler.

(b)No more than one assessment may be assessed under subsection (a) on a grower (as remitted by a first handler), grower-sheller, or importer, for any lot of pecans handled or imported.

(c)

(1)Assessments required under subsection (a) shall be remitted to the Board by—

(A)a first handler; and

(B)an importer.

(2)

(A)Each first handler who is not a grower-sheller and who is required to remit an assessment under paragraph (1) shall remit such assessment to the Board no later than the last day of the month following the month that the pecans being assessed were purchased or marketed by such first handler.

(B)Each first handler who is a grower-sheller and who is required to remit an assessment under paragraph (1) shall remit such assessment to the Board, to the extent practicable, in payments of one-third of the total annual amount of such assessment due to the Board on January 31, March 31, and May 10, or such dates as may be recommended by the Board and approved by the Secretary, during the fiscal year that the pecans being assessed were harvested.

(C)Importers of pecans into the United States shall pay the assessment at the time the pecans enter the United States and shall remit such assessment to the Board.

(d)

(1)Except as provided in paragraph (2), assessment rates shall be recommended by the Board and approved by the Secretary, except that the maximum assessment shall not exceed—

(A)during the period commencing on the effective date of the issuance of a plan and ending on the date the referendum is conducted under section 6011(a) of this title, one-half cent per pound for in-shell pecans as determined by the Board and approved by the Secretary; and

(B)after such period, 2 cents per pound for in-shell pecans.

(2)The rate of assessment of shelled pecans shall be twice the rate established for in-shell pecans pursuant to paragraph (1).

(3)

(A)Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, with the approval of the Secretary and if authorized by State law and requested by such State, a special assessment of one-quarter cent per pound for in-shell pecans, and an appropriate per-pound assessment for shelled pecans as adjusted under paragraph (2), shall be remitted to the Board for the purpose of utilizing such funds by a State pecan marketing board for research projects to promote pecans pursuant to State law.

(B)The Board shall collect such assessments and upon receipt of such assessments shall remit such assessments to the State, within a time period mutually agreed upon between the State and the Board, and approved by the Secretary. In the collection of such State assessments, neither the Board nor the Secretary shall in any manner enforce the collection or remittance of any such payment by producers of such State assessments or investigate nonpayment of such State assessments, except to provide to a State the names of growers from whom such assessments were collected and the respective amounts of assessments collected.

(C)The Secretary is authorized to make such regulations as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this section.

(e)

(1)There shall be a late-payment charge imposed on any person who fails to remit, on or before the due date established by the Board under subsection (c)(2), to the Board the total amount for which such person is liable.

(2)The amount of the late-payment charge imposed under paragraph (1) shall be prescribed by the Board with the approval of the Secretary.

(f)

(1)During the period beginning on the effective date of a plan first issued under section 6003 of this title and ending on the date the referendum is conducted under section 6011(a) of this title, the Board shall—

(A)establish an escrow account to be used for assessment refunds; and

(B)place funds in such account in accordance with paragraph (2).

(2)The Board shall place in such account, from assessments collected during the period referred to in paragraph (1), an amount equal to the product obtained by multiplying the total amount of assessments collected during such period by 10 percent.

(3)Subject to paragraphs (4), (5), and (6), any grower, grower-sheller, or importer shall have the right to demand and receive from the Board a one-time refund of assessments paid by or on behalf of such grower, grower-sheller, or importer during the period referred to in paragraph (1) if—

(A)such grower, grower-sheller, or importer is required to pay such assessments;

(B)such grower, grower-sheller, or importer does not support the program established under this chapter;

(C)such grower, grower-sheller, or importer demands such refund prior to the conduct of the referendum under section 6011(a) of this title; and

(D)the plan is not approved pursuant to the referendum conducted under section 6011(a) of this title.

(4)Such demand shall be made in accordance with regulations, on a form, and within a time period prescribed by the Board.

(5)Such refund shall be made on submission of proof satisfactory to the Board that such grower, grower-sheller, or importer paid the assessment for which refund is demanded.

(6)If—

(A)the amount in the escrow account required by paragraph (1) is not sufficient to refund the total amount of assessments demanded by eligible growers, grower-shellers, or importers; and

(B)the plan is not approved pursuant to the referendum conducted under section 6011(a) of this title;

the Board shall prorate the amount of such refunds among all eligible growers, grower-shellers, and importers who demand such refund.

(7)If the plan is approved pursuant to the referendum conducted under section 6011(a) of this title, all funds in the escrow account shall be returned to the Board for use by the Board in accordance with this chapter.

6008Petition and review#

(a)

(1)A person subject to a plan issued under this chapter may file with the Secretary a petition—

(A)stating that the plan, any provision of the plan, or any obligation imposed in connection with the plan is not in accordance with law; and

(B)requesting a modification of the plan or an exemption from the plan.

(2)The petitioner shall be given the opportunity for a hearing on the petition, on the record and in accordance with regulations issued by the Secretary.

(3)After such hearing, the Secretary shall make a ruling on the petition, which shall be final if in accordance with law.

(b)

(1)The district courts of the United States in any district in which a person who is a petitioner under subsection (a) resides or carries on business are hereby vested with jurisdiction to review the ruling on such person’s petition, if a complaint for that purpose is filed within 20 days after the date of the entry of a ruling by the Secretary under subsection (a).

(2)Service of process in such proceedings shall be conducted in accordance with the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.

(3)If the court determines that such ruling is not in accordance with law, the court shall remand the matter to the Secretary with directions either—

(A)to make such ruling as the court shall determine to be in accordance with law; or

(B)to take such further proceedings as, in the opinion of the court, the law requires.

(4)The pendency of proceedings instituted under subsection (a) shall not impede, hinder, or delay the Attorney General or the Secretary from taking any action under section 6009 of this title.

6009Enforcement#

(a)The district courts of the United States shall have jurisdiction specifically to enforce, and to prevent and restrain a person from violating, this chapter or any plan or regulation issued under this chapter.

(b)A civil action to be brought under this section shall be referred to the Attorney General for appropriate action, except that the Secretary is not required to refer to the Attorney General a violation of this chapter or any plan or regulation issued under this chapter if the Secretary believes that the administration and enforcement of this chapter would be adequately served by administrative action under subsection (c) or by providing a suitable written notice or warning to any person committing the violation.

(c)

(1)

(A)A person who willfully violates any provision of this chapter or any plan or regulation issued under this chapter, or who fails to pay, collect, or remit any assessment or fee required of the person under this chapter or any plan or regulation issued under this chapter, may be assessed by the Secretary a civil penalty of not less than $1,000 nor more than $10,000 for each such violation.

(B)Each violation described in subparagraph (A) shall be a separate offense.

(2)In addition to or in lieu of such civil penalty, the Secretary may issue an order requiring such person to cease and desist from continuing such violation.

(3)No penalty shall be assessed or cease and desist order issued by the Secretary under this subsection unless the Secretary gives the person against whom the order is issued notice and opportunity for a hearing on the record with respect to such violation.

(4)The order of the Secretary assessing a penalty or imposing a cease and desist order shall be final and conclusive unless the person against whom the order is issued files an appeal from the Secretary’s order in accordance with subsection (d).

(d)

(1)A person against whom a civil penalty is assessed or a cease and desist order is issued under subsection (c) may obtain review of such penalty or order in the district court of the United States for the district in which such person resides or does business, or in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, by—

(A)filing, within the 30-day period beginning on the date such penalty is assessed or order issued, a notice of appeal in such court; and

(B)simultaneously sending a copy of the notice by certified mail to the Secretary.

(2)The Secretary shall promptly file in such court a certified copy of the record on which the Secretary found that the person had committed a violation.

(3)A finding of the Secretary shall be set aside only if the finding is found to be unsupported by substantial evidence.

(e)Any person who fails to obey a cease and desist order after the order has become final and unappealable, or after the appropriate district court has entered a final judgment in favor of the Secretary, shall be subject to a civil penalty assessed by the Secretary, after opportunity for a hearing on the record and for judicial review under the procedures specified in subsections (c) and (d), of not more than $1,000 for each offense. Each day during which the failure continues shall be considered a separate violation of such order.

(f)If a person fails to pay a civil penalty after it has become a final and unappealable order issued by the Secretary, or after the appropriate district court has entered a final judgment in favor of the Secretary, the Secretary shall refer the matter to the Attorney General for recovery of the amount assessed in the district court of the United States in any district in which the person resides or conducts business. In such action, the validity and appropriateness of such order imposing such civil penalty shall not be subject to review.

6010Investigations and power to subpoena#

(a)The Secretary may make such investigations as the Secretary determines necessary—

(1)for the effective administration of this chapter; or

(2)to determine whether a person has engaged or is engaging in any act or practice that constitutes a violation of any provision of this chapter, or of any plan, rule, or regulation issued under this chapter.

(b)

(1)For the purpose of an investigation made under subsection (a), the Secretary is authorized to administer oaths and affirmations and to issue a subpoena to require the production of any records that are relevant to the inquiry. The production of any such records may be required from any place in the United States.

(2)For the purpose of an administrative hearing held under section 6008 or 6009 of this title, the presiding officer is authorized to administer oaths and affirmations, subpoena witnesses, compel their attendance, take evidence, and require the production of any records that are relevant to the inquiry. Such attendance of witnesses and the production of any such records may be required from any place in the United States.

(c)In case of contumacy by, or refusal to obey a subpoena issued to, any person, the Secretary may invoke the aid of any court of the United States within the jurisdiction of which such investigation or proceeding is carried on, or where such person resides or carries on business, in order to enforce a subpoena issued by the Secretary under subsection (b). The court may issue an order requiring such person to comply with such a subpoena.

(d)Any failure to obey such order of the court may be punished by such court as a contempt thereof.

(e)Process in any such case may be served in the judicial district in which such person resides or conducts business or wherever such person may be found.

(f)The site of any hearings held under section 6008 or 6009 of this title shall be within the judicial district where such person resides or has a principal place of business.

6011Requirement of referendum#

(a)Not later than 24 months after the effective date of the plan first issued under section 6003 of this title, the Secretary shall conduct a referendum among growers, grower-shellers, and importers, who during a representative period determined by the Secretary have been engaged in the production or importation of pecans, for the purpose of ascertaining whether growers, grower-shellers, and importers favor continuation, termination, or suspension of the plan.

(b)

(1)After the referendum required under subsection (a), the Secretary shall hold a referendum on request of the Board or 10 percent or more of the total number of growers, grower-shellers, and importers, to determine if growers, grower-shellers, and importers favor the termination or suspension of the plan.

(2)The Secretary shall terminate or suspend such plan, in accordance with section 6012(b) of this title, whenever the Secretary determines that such suspension or termination is favored by a majority of those voting in a referendum.

(c)The Secretary shall be reimbursed from any assessments collected by the Board for any expenses incurred by the Department in connection with the conduct of any referendum under this chapter, except for the salaries of Government employees.

(d)

(1)Referenda conducted pursuant to this chapter shall be conducted in such a manner as is determined by the Secretary.

(2)A grower, grower-sheller, or importer who chooses to vote in any referendum conducted under this chapter shall register in person prior to the voting period at the appropriate local office of the Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service, as determined by the Secretary, for such grower, grower-sheller, or by mailing such a request to the Secretary on behalf of an importer.

(3)A grower, grower-sheller, or importer who votes in any referendum conducted under this chapter shall vote in person at the appropriate local office of the Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service, as determined by the Secretary or by mail to the Secretary.

(4)Each Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service office shall notify all growers, grower-shellers, and importers in the area of such office, as determined by the Secretary, at least 30 days prior to a referendum conducted under this chapter. Such notice shall explain the registration and voting procedures established under this subsection.

6012Suspension or termination of plan#

(a)The Secretary shall, whenever the Secretary finds that the plan or any provision of the plan obstructs or does not tend to effectuate the declared policy of this chapter, terminate or suspend the operation of such plan or provision.

(b)If, as a result of any referendum conducted under this chapter, the Secretary determines that suspension or termination of a plan is favored by a majority of the growers, grower-shellers, and importers voting in the referendum, the Secretary shall—

(1)within 6 months after making such determination, suspend or terminate, as the case may be, collection of assessments under the plan; and

(2)suspend or terminate, as the case may be, activities under the plan in an orderly manner as soon as practicable.

(c)The termination or suspension of any plan, or any provision thereof, shall not be considered a plan within the meaning of this chapter.

6013Authorization of appropriations#

(a)There are authorized to be appropriated for each fiscal year such sums as are necessary to carry out this chapter.

(b)Funds appropriated to carry out this chapter shall not be available for payment of the expenses or expenditures of the Board in administering any provision of any plan issued under this chapter.

United States Government work; public domain under 17 U.S.C. § 105.