42 U.S.C. Chapter 152 — ENERGY INDEPENDENCE AND SECURITY

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152 · Energy independence and security
1. 17001 Definitions
2. 17002 Relationship to other law

United States Government work; public domain under 17 U.S.C. § 105.

Defined terms · 151

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adaptation strategy
means a land use and management strategy that can be used—
Administrator
means the Administrator of General Services.
advanced industrial technology
means a technology directly involved in an industrial process, as described in any of paragraphs (1) through (6) of section 17113(c) of this title, and designed to accelerate greenhouse gas emissions reduction progress to net-zero at an eligible facility, as determined by the Secretary.
advanced insulation
means insulation that has an R value of not less than R35 per inch.
advanced technology vehicle
means—
Advisory Committee
means the Green Building Advisory Committee established under section 484.1
agency
means an executive agency, as defined by section 105 of title 5;
Alaska small hydroelectric power
means power that—
appropriate congressional committees
means—
assessment
means the national assessment authorized under subsection (b).
ASTM
means the American Society of Testing and Materials.
battery
means an electrochemical energy storage system powered directly by electrical current.
battery recycling and second-life applications program
means the electric drive vehicle battery recycling and second-life applications program established under paragraph (3).
biodiesel
means the monoalkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from plant or animal matter that meet—
biodiesel blend
means a blend of “biomass-based diesel” or “biodiesel” fuel that is blended with petroleum-based diesel fuel.
biomass-based diesel
means biodiesel as defined in section 13220(f) of this title.
Board
means the Board of Directors of the Foundation established pursuant to section 17352(c) of this title.
capacity
means the portion of a sequestration formation that can retain carbon dioxide in accordance with the requirements (including physical, geological, and economic requirements) established under the methodology developed under subsection (b).
Chief Executive Officer
means the chief executive officer of the Foundation appointed pursuant to section 17352(b) of this title.
clean and efficient energy technology
means an energy supply or end-use technology that, compared to a similar technology already in widespread commercial use in a recipient country, will—
clean energy technology
means a technology that significantly reduces energy use, increases energy efficiency, reduces greenhouse gas emissions, reduces emissions of other pollutants, or mitigates other negative environmental consequences of energy production, transmission or use.
combined fuel economy
means—
Commercial Director
means the individual appointed to the position established under section 17081 of this title.
commercially available steelmaking
means the current production method of iron, steel, and steel mill products.
Commission
means the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
Committee
means the Industrial Technology Innovation Advisory Committee established under subsection (b).
community college
means—
community-based organization
has the meaning given the term in section 3102 of title 29.
compressed air energy storage
means, in the case of an electricity grid application, the storage of energy through the compression of air.
consortium
means a High-Performance Green Building Consortium selected by the Commercial Director.
contingent cost
means the cost to the United States in the event of a covered incident the amount of which is equal to the amount of funds the United States is obligated to make available under paragraph 1(b) of Article III of the Convention.
Convention
means the Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage, done at Vienna on September 12, 1997.
cost-effective energy efficiency measure
means any building product, material, equipment, or service, and the installing, implementing, or operating thereof, that provides energy savings in an amount that is not less than the cost of such installing, implementing, or operating.
cost-effective lighting technology
means a lighting technology that—
cost-effective technologies and practices
means a technology or practice that—
cost-effective water efficiency measure
means any building product, material, equipment, or service, and the installing, implementing, or operating thereof, that provides water savings in an amount that is not less than the cost of such installing, implementing, or operating.
Council
means the Energy Storage Advisory Council established under subsection (e).
covered consortium
means an individual or group of individuals in partnership with a government entity, including a State, territorial, local, or tribal government or unit of such government, and at least 2 or more of the following additional entities—
covered firm
means a firm that—
covered greenhouse gas
means carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane gas.
covered incident
means a nuclear incident the occurrence of which results in a request for funds pursuant to Article VII of the Convention.
covered installation
means a nuclear installation at which the occurrence of a nuclear incident could result in a request for funds under Article VII of the Convention.
covered person
means—
covered project
means a project—
covered refrigeration unit
means any—
critical material
has the meaning given the term in section 1606(a) of title 30.
critical material or mineral
means a material or mineral that serves an essential function in the manufacturing of a product and has a high risk of a supply disruption, such that a shortage of such a material or mineral would have significant consequences for United States economic or national security.
critical material recycling
means the separation and recovery of critical materials embedded within an energy storage system through physical or chemical means for the purpose of reuse of those critical materials in other technologies.
critical mineral
has the meaning given such term in section 1606 of title 30.
data center
means any facility that primarily contains electronic equipment used to process, store, and transmit digital information, which may be—
data center operator
means any person or government entity that builds or operates a data center or purchases data center services, equipment, and facilities.
Department
means the Department of Energy.
detail
means the assignment or loan of an employee, without a change of position, from the agency by which such employee is employed to the Foundation.
direct solar renewable energy
means energy from a device that converts sunlight into useable light within a building, tunnel, or other enclosed structure, replacing artificial light generated by a light fixture and doing so without the conversion of the sunlight into another form of energy;
direct use of geothermal energy
means geothermal systems that use water directly or through a heat exchanger to provide—
Director
means the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy.
economically distressed area
means an area described in section 3161(a) of this title.
ecosystem
means any terrestrial, freshwater aquatic, or coastal ecosystem, including an estuary.
electric drive 2 vehicle battery
means any battery that is a motive power source for an electric drive vehicle.
electric drive vehicle
means—
electric transportation technology
means—
eligible applicant
means any—
eligible entity
means an entity described in any of paragraphs (1) through (5) of section 16353(b) of this title.
eligible facility
means a domestic, non-Federal, nonpower industrial or manufacturing facility engaged in energy-intensive industrial processes, including production processes for iron, steel, steel mill products, aluminum, cement, concrete, glass, pulp, paper, industrial ceramics, chemicals, and other energy intensive industrial processes, as determined by the Secretary.
eligible unit of local government
means—
eligible unit of local government-alternative 1
means—
eligible unit of local government-alternative 2
means—
emissions reduction
means the reduction, to the maximum extent practicable, of net nonwater greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere by energy services and industrial processes.
energy service provider
means—
energy storage system
means any system, equipment, facility, or technology that—
energy storage technology
includes grid-enabled water heaters, building heating or cooling systems, electric vehicles, the production of hydrogen for transportation or industrial use, or other technologies that store energy.
energy-intensive industry
means an industry that uses significant quantities of energy as part of its primary economic activities, including—
engineered
means designed to access subsurface heat, including stimulation and nonstimulation technologies to address one or more of the following issues:
engineered hazard
includes the location and completion history of any well that could affect potential sequestration.
engineering integration costs
includes the cost of engineering tasks relating to—
enhanced geothermal systems
means geothermal reservoir systems that are engineered, as opposed to occurring naturally.
Federal Director
means the individual appointed to the position established under section 17092(a) of this title.
Federal facility
means any building that is constructed, renovated, leased, or purchased in part or in whole for use by the Federal Government.
feedstock
means the raw material supplied for use in manufacturing, chemical, and biological processes.
financial assistance
means a grant, rebate, direct loan, or cooperative agreement.
flywheel
means, in the case of an electricity grid application, a device used to store rotational kinetic energy.
Foundation
means the International Clean Energy Foundation established by section 17352(a) of this title.
geofluid
means any fluid used to extract thermal energy from the Earth which is transported to the surface for direct use or electric power generation, except that such term shall not include oil or natural gas.
geothermal
refers to heat energy stored in the Earth’s crust that can be accessed for direct use or electric power generation.
geothermal heat pump
means a system that provides heating and cooling by exchanging heat from shallow geology, groundwater, or surface water using—
greenhouse gas
means—
high-cost region
means a region in which the average cost of electrical power or heat exceeds 150 percent of the national average retail cost, as determined by the Secretary.
high-performance building
means a building that integrates and optimizes on a life cycle basis all major high performance attributes, including energy conservation, environment, safety, security, durability, accessibility, cost-benefit, productivity, sustainability, functionality, and operational considerations.
high-performance energy efficiency measure
has the meaning given the term in section 17084 of this title.
high-performance green building
means a high-performance building that, during its life-cycle, as compared with similar buildings (as measured by Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey or Residential Energy Consumption Survey data from the Energy Information Agency)—
hydrothermal
refers to naturally occurring subsurface reservoirs of hot water or steam.
Indian tribe
has the meaning as defined in section 15823(c) of this title.
industrial research and assessment center
means—
Initiative
means the demonstration initiative established under paragraph (2).
institution of higher education
has the meaning given such term in section 1001 or 1002(a)(1)(B) of title 20.
integrated energy system
means a system composed of 2 or more co-located or jointly operated sub-systems of energy generation, energy storage, or other energy technologies.
integrated micro-grid system
means a micro-grid system that—
islanding
means a distributed generator or energy storage device continuing to power a location in the absence of electric power from the primary source.
isolated community
means a community that is powered by a stand-alone electric generation and distribution system without the economic and reliability benefits of connection to a regional electric grid.
Joint Program
means the joint program established under paragraph (4).
life-cycle assessment
means a comprehensive system approach for measuring the environmental performance of a product or service over the life of the product or service, beginning at raw materials acquisition and continuing through manufacturing, transportation, installation, use, reuse, and end-of-life waste management.
light pipe
means a device designed to transport visible solar radiation from its collection point to the interior of a building while excluding interior heat gain in the nonheating season.
low-emissions steel manufacturing
means advanced or commercially available steelmaking with the reduction, to the maximum extent practicable, of net nonwater greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere from the production of iron, steel, and steel mill products.
marine energy
means energy from—
micro-grid system
means a localized grid that operates autonomously, regardless of whether the grid can operate in connection with another grid.
microgrid
means an integrated energy system consisting of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources (including generators and energy storage devices), which as an integrated system can operate in parallel with the utility grid or in an intentional islanding mode.
National Laboratory
has the meaning given that term in section 15801 of this title.
native plant species
means any noninvasive, naturally occurring plant species within an ecosystem.
nonroad vehicle
means a vehicle—
nuclear supplier
means a covered person (or a successor in interest of a covered person) that—
ocean energy
includes current, wave, and tidal energy.
Office of Commercial High-Performance Green Buildings
means the Office of Commercial High-Performance Green Buildings established under section 17081(a) of this title.
Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings
means the Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings established under section 17092(a) of this title.
operational cost savings
means a reduction in end-use operational costs through the application of cost-effective technologies and practices or geothermal heat pumps, including a reduction in electricity consumption relative to consumption by the same customer or at the same facility in a given year, as defined in guidelines promulgated by the Administrator pursuant to section 7628(b) of this title, that achieves cost savings sufficient to pay the incremental additional costs of using cost-effective technologies and practices including geothermal heat pumps by not later than the later of the date established under sections 431 through 434,1 or—
partnership
means an energy efficiency partnership established under subsection (c)(1)(A).
plug-in electric drive vehicle
means a vehicle that—
practices
means design, financing, permitting, construction, commissioning, operation and maintenance, and other practices that contribute to achieving zero-net-energy buildings or facilities.
Price-Anderson incident
means a covered incident for which section 2210 of this title would make funds available to compensate for public liability (as defined in section 2014 of this title).
program
means the Regional Clean Energy Innovation Program authorized in subsection (b).
qualified electric transportation project
means an electric transportation technology project that would significantly reduce emissions of criteria pollutants, greenhouse gas emissions, and petroleum, including—
qualifying components
means components that the Secretary determines to be—
regional clean energy innovation partnership
means a group of one or more persons, including a covered consortium, who perform a collection of activities that are coordinated by such covered consortium to carry out the purposes of the program under subsection (c) in a region of the United States.
renewable energy
has the meaning as defined in section 16181 of this title.
renewable energy project
means a project—
renewable energy source
has the meaning given the term in section 918c(a) of title 7.
renewable fuel blend
means a gasoline blend that contains not less than 11 percent, and not more than 85 percent, renewable fuel or diesel fuel that contains at least 10 percent renewable fuel.
report
means the report of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory entitled “United States Data Center Energy Usage Report” and dated June 2016, which was prepared as an update to the “Report to Congress on Server and Data Center Energy Efficiency”, published on August 2, 2007, pursuant to section 1 of Public Law 109–431 (120 Stat. 2920).
resilience
means the ability to withstand and reduce the magnitude or duration of disruptive events, which includes the capability to anticipate, absorb, adapt to, or rapidly recover from such an event, including from deliberate attacks, accidents, and naturally occurring threats or incidents.
risk
includes any risk posed by geomechanical, geochemical, hydrogeological, structural, and engineered hazards.
rural electric cooperative
means an electric cooperative (as defined in section 796 of title 16) that sells electric energy to persons in rural areas.
Secretary
means the Secretary of Energy.
self-healing grid
means a grid that is capable of automatically anticipating and responding to power system disturbances (including the isolation of failed sections and components), while optimizing the performance and service of the grid to customers.
separate spaces
means areas within a commercial building that are leased or otherwise occupied by a tenant or other occupant for a period of time pursuant to the terms of a written agreement.
sequestration formation
means a deep saline formation, unmineable coal seam, or oil or gas reservoir that is capable of accommodating a volume of industrial carbon dioxide.
small- or medium-sized manufacturer
means a manufacturing firm—
smart building
means a building, or collection of buildings, with an energy system that—
smart building accelerator
means an initiative that is designed to demonstrate specific innovative policies and approaches—
smart grid functions
means any of the following:
smart manufacturing
means advanced technologies in information, automation, monitoring, computation, sensing, modeling, artificial intelligence, analytics, and networking that—
spinning reserve services
means a quantity of electric generating capacity in excess of the quantity needed to meet peak electric demand.
State
means—
strategy
means the strategy developed pursuant to subsection (b)(2)(B).
systems approach
means an approach to solving problems or designing systems that attempts to optimize the performance of the overall system, rather than a particular component of the system.
ultra efficient vehicle
means a fully closed compartment vehicle designed to carry at least 2 adult passengers that achieves—
ultracapacitor
means an energy storage device that has a power density comparable to a conventional capacitor but is capable of exceeding the energy density of a conventional capacitor by several orders of magnitude.
United States
includes—
United States person
means—
urbanized area
has the meaning as defined by the U.S.
water power
refers to hydropower, including conduit power, pumped storage, and marine energy technologies.
workforce development program
has the meaning given the term in section 3102 of title 29.
zero-net-energy commercial building
means a high-performance commercial building that is designed, constructed, and operated—