- academic year
means a traditional academic year beginning in August or September and ending in the following May or June.
- affiliated individual
means, with respect to an individual—
- affordable housing
means housing that complies with the conditions set forth in section 12745 of title 42.
- Alaska Native village
has the same meaning given such term in the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.).
- appropriate agency
means, with respect to a covered housing program, the Executive department (as defined in section 101 of title 5) that carries out the covered housing program.
- assisted housing
means housing assisted—
- Attorney General
means the Attorney General, acting through the Director of the Office on Violence Against Women;
- base closure law
means—
- blind external proficiency test
means a test that is presented to a forensic laboratory through a second agency and appears to the analysts to involve routine evidence.
- blind external test
means a test that is presented to the laboratory through a second agency and appears to the analysts to involve routine evidence.
- chief local elected official
means an official designated under regulations issued by the Attorney General.
- child
means a person who is not younger than 5 and not older than 18 years old.
- child abuse and neglect
means any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caregiver with intent to cause death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse, or exploitation, or an act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm to an unemancipated minor.
- child maltreatment
means the physical or psychological abuse or neglect of a child or youth, including sexual assault and abuse.
- chronic high intensity crime area
means an area meeting criteria adopted by the Attorney General by regulation that, at a minimum, define areas with— (A) consistently high rates of violent crime as reported in the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s “Uniform Crime Reports”, and (B) chronically high rates of poverty as determined by the Bureau of the Census.
- community correctional facility
means a residential facility that— (A) is used only for eligible offenders and their children under 7 years of age;
- community development corporation
means a private, nonprofit corporation whose board of directors is comprised of business, civic and community leaders, and whose principal purpose includes the provision of low-income housing or community economic development projects that primarily benefit low-income individuals and communities.
- community-based organization
means a nonprofit, nongovernmental, or tribal organization that serves a specific geographic community that—
- continuum of care
means a community plan developed to organize and deliver housing and services to meet the specific needs of people who are homeless as they move to stable housing and achieve maximum self-sufficiency;
- correctional institution
means any prison, jail, reformatory, work farm, detention center, or halfway house, or any other similar institution designed for the confinement or rehabilitation of criminal offenders.
- correctional job training or placement program
means an activity that provides job training or job placement services to incarcerated persons or ex-offenders, or that assists incarcerated persons or ex-offenders in obtaining such services.
- courts
means any civil or criminal, tribal, and Alaska Native Village, Federal, State, local or territorial court having jurisdiction to address domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault or stalking, including immigration, family, juvenile, and dependency courts, and the judicial officers serving in those courts, including judges, magistrate judges, commissioners, justices of the peace, or any other person with decisionmaking authority.
- covered governmental entity
means any municipal, county, or State government that receives funding under section 5306 of title 42.
- covered housing program
means—
- covered individual
means an individual who interfaces with victims of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking, including—
- crime of violence
means— 1
- crime of violence motivated by gender
means a crime of violence committed because of gender or on the basis of gender, and due, at least in part, to an animus based on the victim’s gender;
- culturally specific
means primarily directed toward racial and ethnic minority groups (as defined in section 1707(g) of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 300u–6(g)).1
- culturally specific services
means community-based services that include culturally relevant and linguistically specific services and resources to culturally specific communities.
- dangerous sexual offense
means any offense under State law for conduct that would constitute an offense under chapter 109A of title 18 had the conduct occurred in the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States or in a Federal prison.
- dating partner
refers to a person who is or has been in a social relationship of a romantic or intimate nature with the abuser, and where the existence of such a relationship shall be determined based on a consideration of—
- dating violence
means violence committed by a person—
- dependent child
means a natural or adopted child or stepchild of a law enforcement officer who at the time of the officer’s death— (A) was no more than 21 years old;
- Director
means the Director of the Office on Violence Against Women.
- domestic violence
includes felony or misdemeanor crimes committed by a current or former spouse or intimate partner of the victim under the family or domestic violence laws of the jurisdiction receiving grant funding and, in the case of victim services, includes the use or attempted use of physical abuse or sexual abuse, or a pattern of any other coercive behavior committed, enabled, or solicited to gain or maintain power and control over a victim, including verbal, psychological, economic, or technological abuse that may or may not constitute criminal behavior, by a person who—
- educational expenses
means expenses that are directly attributable to— (A) a course of education leading to the award of an associate degree;
- elder abuse
means any action against a person who is 50 years of age or older that constitutes the willful—
- eligible community
means an area identified pursuant to subsection (e).
- eligible entity
means a State, local, territorial, or Tribal law enforcement agency;
- eligible offender
means a primary caretaker parent who— (A) has been sentenced to a term of imprisonment of not more than 7 years or is awaiting sentencing for a conviction punishable by such a term of imprisonment;
- ex-offender
means any individual who has been sentenced to a term of probation by a Federal or State court, or who has been released from a Federal, State, or local correctional institution.
- female genital mutilation or cutting
has the meaning given such term in section 116 of title 18.
- forced marriage
means a marriage to which 1 or both parties do not or cannot consent, and in which 1 or more elements of force, fraud, or coercion is present.
- homeless
has the meaning given such term in section 12473 of this title.
- homeless service provider
means a nonprofit, nongovernmental homeless service provider, such as a homeless shelter, a homeless service or advocacy program, a tribal organization serving homeless individuals, or coalition or other nonprofit, nongovernmental organization carrying out a community-based homeless or housing program that has a documented history of effective work concerning homelessness;
- incarcerated person
means any individual incarcerated in a Federal or State correctional institution who is charged with or convicted of any criminal offense.
- indeterminate sentencing
means a system by which—
- Indian
means a member of an Indian tribe.
- Indian country
has the same meaning given such term in section 1151 of title 18.
- Indian housing
means housing assistance described in the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 (25 U.S.C. 4101 et seq., as amended).
- Indian law enforcement
means the departments or individuals under the direction of the Indian tribe that maintain public order.
- Indian tribe
means a tribe, band, pueblo, nation, or other organized group or community of Indians, including an Alaska Native village (as defined in or established under the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.)), that is recognized as eligible for the special programs and services provided by the United States to Indians because of their status as Indians.
- institution of higher education
has the meaning stated in the first sentence of section 1001 of title 20.
- law enforcement
means a public agency charged with policing functions, including any of its component bureaus (such as governmental victim services programs or Village Public Safety Officers), including those referred to in section 2802 of title 25.
- law enforcement position
means employment as an officer in a State or local police force, or correctional institution.
- legal assistance
means assistance provided by or under the direct supervision of a person described in subparagraph (B) to an adult, youth, or child victim of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, or stalking relating to a matter described in subparagraph (C).
- local and private sector contribution
means the funds available at the local level (by private financial institutions, State and local governments) or by any private philanthropic organization and private, nonprofit organizations that will be committed and used solely for the purpose of financing private business enterprises in conjunction with amounts provided under this part.
- long-term housing
means housing that is sustainable, accessible, affordable, and safe for the foreseeable future and is—
- low-income housing assistance voucher
means housing assistance described in section 1437f of title 42;
- major violent crime or drug-related emergency
means an occasion or instance in which violent crime, drug smuggling, drug trafficking, or drug abuse violence reaches such levels, as determined by the President, that Federal assistance is needed to supplement State and local efforts and capabilities to save lives, and to protect property and public health and safety.
- mandatory partner
means a national, regional, or local victim services organization or agency working in collaboration with a law enforcement agency described in paragraph (4).
- murder
has the meaning given the term in part I of the Uniform Crime Reports of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
- national crime information databases
refers to the National Crime Information Center and its incorporated criminal history databases, including the Interstate Identification Index;
- nonprofit organization
means an organization that is described in section 501(c)(3) of title 26 and is exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of such title.
- part 1 violent crime
means a part 1 violent crime as defined in section 12101(3) 1 of this title, or a crime in a reasonably comparable class of serious violent crimes as approved by the Attorney General.
- participant
means a participant in the Police Corps program selected pursuant to section 12555 2 of this title.
- personal information
means individually identifying information for or about an individual including information likely to disclose the location of a victim of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, or stalking, regardless of whether the information is encoded, encrypted, hashed, or otherwise protected, including—
- population specific organization
means a nonprofit, nongovernmental organization that primarily serves members of a specific underserved population and has demonstrated experience and expertise providing targeted services to members of that specific underserved population.
- population specific services
means victim-centered services that address the safety, health, economic, legal, housing, workplace, immigration, confidentiality, or other needs of victims of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, or stalking, and that are designed primarily for and are targeted to a specific underserved population.
- population-losing community
means any county in which the net population loss is at least 7 percent from April 1, 1980 to April 1, 1990, as reported by the Bureau of the Census.
- poverty line
means the income official poverty line (as defined by the Office of Management and Budget, and revised annually in accordance with section 9902(2) of title 42 1 applicable to a family of the size involved.
- prevention program
means a program authorized in any of the following sections:
- primary caretaker parent
means— (A) a parent who has consistently assumed responsibility for the housing, health, and safety of a child prior to incarceration;
- private business enterprise
means any business enterprise that is engaged in the manufacture of a product, provision of a service, construction or development of a facility, or that is involved in some other commercial, manufacturing or industrial activity, and that agrees to target job opportunities stemming from investments authorized under this part to certain individuals.
- prosecution
means any public agency charged with direct responsibility for prosecuting criminal offenders, including such agency’s component bureaus (such as governmental victim assistance programs).
- protection order
includes an injunction or any other order issued for the purpose of preventing violent or threatening acts or harassment against, or contact or communication with or physical proximity to, another person, including temporary and final orders issued by civil or criminal courts (other than support or child custody orders) whether obtained by filing an independent action or as a pendente lite order in another proceeding so long as any civil order was issued in response to a complaint, petition, or motion filed by or on behalf of a person seeking protection.
- public housing
means housing described in section 1437a(b)(1) of title 42;
- public housing agency
means an agency described in section 1437a(b)(6) of title 42;
- public school
means a public elementary school, as defined in section 1001(i) 2 of title 20, and a public secondary school, as defined in section 1001(d) 2 of title 20.
- qualified application
means an application that—
- qualifying offense
means any of the following offenses:
- rape
has the meaning given the term in part I of the Uniform Crime Reports of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
- rape crisis center
means a nonprofit, nongovernmental, or tribal organization, or governmental entity in a State other than a Territory that provides intervention and related assistance, as specified in section 12511(b)(2)(C) of this title, to victims of sexual assault without regard to their age.
- Rapid DNA instruments
means instrumentation that carries out a fully automated process to derive a DNA analysis from a DNA sample.
- restorative practice
means a practice relating to a specific harm that—
- restraining order
includes—
- rural State
means a State that has a population density of 57 or fewer persons per square mile or a State in which the largest county has fewer than 250,000 people, based on the most recent decennial census.
- Secretary
means the Secretary of Health and Human Services, in consultation and coordination with the Attorney General.
- sex trafficking
means any conduct proscribed by section 1591 of title 18, whether or not the conduct occurs in interstate or foreign commerce or within the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States.
- sexual assault
means any nonconsensual sexual act proscribed by Federal, tribal, or State law, including when the victim lacks capacity to consent.
- stalking
means engaging in a course of conduct directed at a specific person that would cause a reasonable person to—
- State
means each of the several States and the District of Columbia, and except as otherwise provided, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, and the Northern Mariana Islands.
- State and local law enforcement program
means a program authorized in any of the following sections:“prevention program” means a program authorized in any of the following sections:
- State domestic violence coalition
means a program determined by the Administration for Children and Families under sections 10402 and 10411 of title 42.
- State Police Corps program
means a State police corps program that meets the requirements of section 12559 of this title.
- State sexual assault coalition
means a program determined by the Center for Injury Prevention and Control of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention under the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 280b et seq.).
- target area
means any area defined in an application for assistance under this part that has a population whose income does not exceed the median for the area within which the target area is located.
- technological abuse
means an act or pattern of behavior that occurs within domestic violence, sexual assault, dating violence or stalking and is intended to harm, threaten, intimidate, control, stalk, harass, impersonate, exploit, extort, or monitor, except as otherwise permitted by law, another person, that occurs using any form of technology, including but not limited to: internet enabled devices, online spaces and platforms, computers, mobile devices, cameras and imaging programs, apps, location tracking devices, or communication technologies, or any other emerging technologies.
- territorial domestic violence or sexual assault coalition
means a program addressing domestic or sexual violence that is—
- tribal coalition
means an established nonprofit, nongovernmental Indian organization, Alaska Native organization, or a Native Hawaiian organization that—
- tribal government
means—
- tribal nonprofit organization
means—
- tribal organization
means—
- tribally designated housing
means housing assistance described in the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 (25 U.S.C. 4101 et seq.);
- tribally designated housing entity
means a housing entity described in the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 (25 U.S.C. 4103(21));
- underserved populations
means populations who face barriers in accessing and using victim services, and includes populations underserved because of geographic location, religion, sexual orientation, gender identity, underserved racial and ethnic populations, populations underserved because of special needs (such as language barriers, disabilities, alienage status, or age), and any other population determined to be underserved by the Attorney General or by the Secretary of Health and Human Services, as appropriate.
- unit of local government
means any city, county, township, town, borough, parish, village, or other general purpose political subdivision of a State.
- unresolved audit finding
means a finding in the final audit report of the Inspector General of the Department of Justice that the audited grantee has utilized grant funds for an unauthorized expenditure or otherwise unallowable cost that is not closed or resolved within 12 months from the date when the final audit report is issued.
- very low-income community
means a community in which the median income of the residents of such community does not exceed 50 percent of the median income of the area.
- victim advocate
means a person, whether paid or serving as a volunteer, who provides services to victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, stalking, or dating violence under the auspices or supervision of a victim services program.
- victim assistant
means a person, whether paid or serving as a volunteer, who provides services to victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, stalking, or dating violence under the auspices or supervision of a court or a law enforcement or prosecution agency.
- victim service provider
means a nonprofit, nongovernmental or tribal organization or rape crisis center, including a State or tribal coalition, that assists or advocates for domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, or stalking victims, including domestic violence shelters, faith-based organizations, and other organizations, with a documented history of effective work concerning domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, or stalking.
- young violent offenders
means individuals, ages 7 through 22, who have committed crimes of violence, weapons offenses, drug distribution, hate crimes and civil rights violations, and offenses against personal property of another.
- youth
means a person who is 11 to 24 years old.