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34 U.S.C. Chapter 101 — JUSTICE SYSTEM IMPROVEMENT

In forceThis text since 27 Dec 2022law://us/usc/34/101/sec_10651__subsec_b@2026-11-10

Contents

(b)

(1)The Attorney General, in consultation with the Secretary, may award nonrenewable grants to eligible applicants to prepare a comprehensive plan for and implement an adult or juvenile collaboration program, which targets preliminarily qualified offenders in order to promote public safety and public health.

(2)Grants awarded under this section shall be used to create or expand—

(A)mental health courts or other court-based programs for preliminarily qualified offenders;

(B)programs that offer specialized training to the officers and employees of a criminal or juvenile justice agency and mental health personnel serving those with co-occurring mental illness and substance abuse problems in procedures for identifying the symptoms of preliminarily qualified offenders in order to respond appropriately to individuals with such illnesses;

(C)programs that support cooperative efforts by criminal and juvenile justice agencies and mental health agencies to promote public safety by offering mental health treatment services and, where appropriate, substance abuse treatment services for—

(i)preliminarily qualified offenders with mental illness or co-occurring mental illness and substance abuse disorders; or

(ii)adult offenders with mental illness during periods of incarceration, while under the supervision of a criminal justice agency, or following release from correctional facilities; and

(D)programs that support intergovernmental cooperation between State and local governments with respect to the mentally ill offender.

(3)

(A)To receive a planning grant or an implementation grant, the joint applicants shall prepare and submit a single application to the Attorney General at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Attorney General and the Secretary shall reasonably require. An application under subchapter XXI of this chapter may be made in conjunction with an application under this section.

(B)The Attorney General and the Secretary shall develop a procedure under which applicants may apply at the same time and in a single application for a planning grant and an implementation grant, with receipt of the implementation grant conditioned on successful completion of the activities funded by the planning grant.

(4)

(A)The joint applicants may apply to the Attorney General for a nonrenewable planning grant to develop a collaboration program.

(B)The Attorney General and the Secretary may not approve a planning grant unless the application for the grant includes or provides, at a minimum, for a budget and a budget justification, a description of the outcome measures that will be used to measure the effectiveness of the program in promoting public safety and public health, the activities proposed (including the provision of substance abuse treatment services, where appropriate) and a schedule for completion of such activities, and the personnel necessary to complete such activities.

(C)A planning grant shall be effective for a period of 1 year, beginning on the first day of the month in which the planning grant is made. Applicants may not receive more than 1 such planning grant.

(D)Up to 5 percent of all planning funds shall be used to foster collaboration between State and local governments in furtherance of the purposes set forth in the Mentally Ill Offender Treatment and Crime Reduction Act of 2004.

(5)

(A)Joint applicants that have prepared a planning grant application may apply to the Attorney General for approval of a nonrenewable implementation grant to develop a collaboration program.

(B)To receive an implementation grant, the joint applicants shall—

(i)document that at least 1 criminal or juvenile justice agency (which can include a mental health court) and 1 mental health agency will participate in the administration of the collaboration program;

(ii)describe the responsibilities of each participating agency, including how each agency will use grant resources to provide supervision of offenders and jointly ensure that the provision of mental health treatment services and substance abuse services for individuals with co-occurring mental health and substance abuse disorders are coordinated, which may range from consultation or collaboration to integration in a single setting or treatment model;

(iii)in the case of an application from a unit of local government, document that a State mental health authority has provided comment and review; and

(iv)involve, to the extent practicable, in developing the grant application—

(I)preliminarily qualified offenders;

(II)the families and advocates of such individuals under subclause (I); and

(III)advocates for victims of crime.

(C)To be eligible for an implementation grant, joint applicants shall comply with the following:

(i)Applicants for an implementation grant shall—

(I)describe the population with mental illness or co-occurring mental illness and substance abuse disorders that is targeted for the collaboration program; and

(II)develop guidelines that can be used by personnel of an adult or juvenile justice agency to identify preliminarily qualified offenders.

(ii)Applicants for an implementation grant shall—

(I)ensure that preliminarily qualified offenders who are to receive treatment services under the collaboration program will first receive individualized, validated, needs-based assessments to determine, plan, and coordinate the most appropriate services for such individuals;

(II)specify plans for making mental health, or mental health and substance abuse, treatment services available and accessible to preliminarily qualified offenders at the time of their release from the criminal justice system, including outside of normal business hours;

(III)ensure that there are substance abuse personnel available to respond appropriately to the treatment needs of preliminarily qualified offenders;

(IV)determine eligibility for Federal benefits;

(V)ensure that preliminarily qualified offenders served by the collaboration program will have adequate supervision and access to effective and appropriate community-based mental health services, including, in the case of individuals with co-occurring mental health and substance abuse disorders, coordinated services, which may range from consultation or collaboration to integration in a single setting treatment model;

(VI)make available, to the extent practicable, other support services that will ensure the preliminarily qualified offender’s successful reintegration into the community (such as housing, education, job placement, mentoring, and health care and benefits, as well as the services of faith-based and community organizations for mentally ill individuals served by the collaboration program); and

(VII)include strategies, to the extent practicable, to address developmental and learning disabilities and problems arising from a documented history of physical or sexual abuse.

(D)Recipients of an implementation grant may use grant funds to assist mentally ill offenders compliant with the program in seeking housing or employment assistance.

(E)Applicants for an implementation grant shall strive to ensure prompt access to defense counsel by criminal defendants with mental illness who are facing charges that would trigger a constitutional right to counsel.

(F)Applicants for an implementation grant shall—

(i)explain the applicant’s inability to fund the collaboration program adequately without Federal assistance;

(ii)specify how the Federal support provided will be used to supplement, and not supplant, State, local, Indian tribe, or tribal organization sources of funding that would otherwise be available, including billing third-party resources for services already covered under programs (such as Medicaid, Medicare, and the State Children’s Insurance Program); and

(iii)outline plans for obtaining necessary support and continuing the proposed collaboration program following the conclusion of Federal support.

(G)Applicants for an implementation grant shall—

(i)identify methodology and outcome measures, as required by the Attorney General and the Secretary, to be used in evaluating the effectiveness of the collaboration program;

(ii)ensure mechanisms are in place to capture data, consistent with the methodology and outcome measures under clause (i); and

(iii)submit specific agreements from affected agencies to provide the data needed by the Attorney General and the Secretary to accomplish the evaluation under clause (i).

(H)Applicants for an implementation grant shall describe how the adult or juvenile collaboration program relates to existing State criminal or juvenile justice and mental health plans and programs.

(I)Applicants that receive an implementation grant may use funds for 1 or more of the following purposes:

(i)Funds may be used to create or expand existing mental health courts that meet program requirements established by the Attorney General under subchapter XXI of this chapter, other court-based programs, or diversion and alternative prosecution and sentencing programs (including crisis intervention teams, treatment accountability services for communities, and training for State and local prosecutors relating to diversion programming and implementation) that meet requirements established by the Attorney General and the Secretary.

(ii)Funds may be used to create or expand programs, such as crisis intervention training, which offer specialized training to—

(I)criminal justice system personnel to identify and respond appropriately to the unique needs of preliminarily qualified offenders; or

(II)mental health system personnel to respond appropriately to the treatment needs of preliminarily qualified offenders.

(iii)Funds may be used to create or expand programs that promote public safety by providing the services described in subparagraph (C)(ii) to preliminarily qualified offenders.

(iv)Funds may be used to promote and provide mental health treatment and transitional services for those incarcerated or for transitional re-entry programs for those released from any penal or correctional institution.

(v)Multidisciplinary teams that—

(I)coordinate, implement, and administer community-based crisis responses and long-term plans for frequent users of crisis services;

(II)provide training on how to respond appropriately to the unique issues involving frequent users of crisis services for public service personnel, including criminal justice, mental health, substance abuse, emergency room, healthcare, law enforcement, corrections, and housing personnel;

(III)develop or support alternatives to hospital and jail admissions for frequent users of crisis services that provide treatment, stabilization, and other appropriate supports in the least restrictive, yet appropriate, environment;

(IV)develop protocols and systems among law enforcement, mental health, substance abuse, housing, corrections, and emergency medical service operations to provide coordinated assistance to frequent users of crisis services; and

(V)coordinate, implement, and administer models to address mental health calls that include specially trained officers and mental health crisis workers responding to those calls together.

(vi)Funds may be used to develop, promote, and implement comprehensive suicide prevention programs and services for incarcerated individuals that include ongoing risk assessment.

(vii)Funds may be used for case management services for preliminary qualified offenders and individuals who are released from any penal or correctional institution to—

(I)reduce recidivism; and

(II)assist those individuals with reentry into the community.

(viii)Funds may be used to support, administer, or develop treatment capacity and increase access to mental health care and substance use disorder services for preliminary qualified offenders and individuals who are released from any penal or correctional institution.

(ix)Funds may be used to support the efforts of State and local governments to implement and expand the integration of the 988 universal telephone number designated for the purpose of the national suicide prevention and mental health crisis hotline system under section 251(e)(4) of title 47, including by hiring staff to support the implementation and expansion.

(J)The Attorney General, in consultation with the Secretary, shall ensure that planning and implementation grants are equitably distributed among the geographical regions of the United States and between urban and rural populations.

(K)With respect to a multidisciplinary team described in subparagraph (I)(v) that receives funds from a grant under this section, the multidisciplinary team—

(i)shall, to the extent practicable, provide response capability 24 hours each day and 7 days each week to respond to crisis or mental health calls; and

(ii)may place a part of the team in a 911 call center to facilitate the timely response to mental health crises.

United States Government work; public domain under 17 U.S.C. § 105.

Key facts

Type: US Code chapter · 34 U.S.C. ch. 101
Text current to: 3 Nov 2026
Made by: United States Congress

Topics

History · 1 version

27 Dec 2022Reading
changed by Pub. L. 117–323

Connections

Amended by 9: Pub. L. 107–273; Pub. L. 103–322; Pub. L. 101–647; Pub. L. 117–323; Pub. L. 115–391; Pub. L. 114–255; Pub. L. 109–271; Pub. L. 99–570; Pub. L. 98–473

Defined terms · 133

Show every defined term

abuse
means physical or mental injury, sexual abuse or exploitation, or negligent treatment of a child.
action outside of jurisdiction
means an action, not in the course of any compensated employment involving either the performance of public safety activity or the provision of security services, by a law enforcement officer, firefighter, or member of a rescue squad or ambulance crew that—
applicable committees
means—
applicant
means States, units of local government, Indian tribes, and tribal organizations that apply for a grant under this section.
appropriate use
includes the discretion of the judge or supervising authority, the leveraging of graduated sanctions to encourage compliance with treatment, and law enforcement diversion, including crisis intervention teams.
appropriated funds
means any amounts that are appropriated for any of fiscal years 2016 through 2020 to carry out this subchapter.
armor vest
means—
Attorney General
means the Attorney General of the United States or his designee;
behavioral health provider
means—
blind
means an individual who has central visual acuity of 20/200 or less in the better eye with the use of a correcting lens or whose eye is accompanied by a limitation in the fields of vision such that the widest diameter of the visual field subtends an angle no greater than 20 degrees;
body armor
means any product sold or offered for sale, in interstate or foreign commerce, as personal protective body covering intended to protect against gunfire, regardless of whether the product is to be worn alone or is sold as a complement to another product or garment.
boot camp prison
includes a correctional facility in which inmates are required to participate in a highly regimented program that provides strict discipline, physical training, and hard labor, together with extensive rehabilitative activities and with educational, job training, and drug treatment support;
budgeted strength
means the employment of the maximum number of sworn law enforcement officers the budget of a law enforcement agency allows the agency to employ.
candidate officer
means an individual who is enrolled or admitted, as a cadet or trainee, in a formal and officially established program of instruction or of training (such as a police or fire academy) that is specifically intended to result upon completion, in the—
carcinogen
means an agent that is—
career law enforcement officer
means a person hired on a permanent basis who is authorized by law or by a State or local public agency to engage in or supervise the prevention, detection, or investigation of violations of criminal laws.
catastrophic injury
means an injury, the direct and proximate result of which is to permanently render an individual functionally incapable (including through a directly and proximately resulting neurocognitive disorder), based on the state of medicine on the date on which the claim is determined by the Bureau, of performing work, including sedentary work: Provided, That, if it appears that a claimant may be functionally capable of performing work—
certified training program or course
means a program or course using 1 or more of the training curricula developed or identified under section 10381(n)(1) 1 of this title, or equivalents to such training curricula—
chaplain
includes any individual serving as an officially recognized or designated member of a legally organized volunteer fire department or legally organized police department, or an officially recognized or designated public employee of a legally organized fire or police department who was responding to a fire, rescue, or police emergency;
chief executive
means the highest official of a State or local jurisdiction;
child
means any natural, illegitimate, adopted, or posthumous child or stepchild of a deceased or permanently and totally disabled public safety officer who, at the time of the public safety officer’s death or fatal injury (in connection with any claim predicated upon such death or injury) or the date of the public safety officer’s catastrophic injury or of the final determination by the Bureau of any claim predicated upon such catastrophic injury, is—
child welfare agency
means the State, territorial, or Tribal agency responsible for child or family services and welfare.
collaboration program
means a program to promote public safety by ensuring access to adequate mental health and other treatment services for mentally ill adults or juveniles that is overseen cooperatively by—
commercial sex act
has the meaning given the term in section 7102 of title 22.
community care provider program
means a community mental health center or certified community behavioral health clinic that directly provides to an individual, or assists in connecting an individual to the provision of, appropriate community-based treatment, medication management, and other recovery supports, when the individual leaves a correctional facility at the end of a sentence or on parole.
construction
means the erection, acquisition, renovation, repairs, remodeling, or expansion of new or existing buildings or other physical facilities, and the acquisition or installation of initial equipment therefor;
correctional facility
means any place for the confinement or rehabilitation of offenders or individuals charged with or convicted of criminal offenses;
correctional facility project
means a project for the construction, replacement, alteration or expansion of a prison or jail for the purpose of relieving overcrowding or substandard conditions;
correctional option
includes community-based incarceration, weekend incarceration, boot camp prison, electronic monitoring of offenders, intensive probation, and any other innovative punishment designed to have the greatest impact on offenders who can be punished more effectively in an environment other than a traditional correctional facility;
cost of construction
means all expenses found by the Director to be necessary for the construction of the project, including architect and engineering fees, but excluding land acquisition costs;
court
means a tribunal recognized as a part of the judicial branch of a State or of its local government units;
court of last resort
means that State court having the highest and final appellate authority of the State.
court-ordered assisted outpatient treatment
means a program through which a court may order a treatment plan for an eligible patient that—
covered applicant
means an applicant for a hiring grant under this subchapter seeking funding for a law enforcement agency operating below the budgeted strength of the law enforcement agency.
covered mental health professional
means a mental health professional working on a crisis intervention team—
covered topic
means a topic covered under the curricula developed or identified under clause (i), (ii), or (iv) of section 10381(n)(1)(A) 1 of this title.
criminal history information
includes records and related data, contained in an automated or manual criminal justice informational system, compiled by law enforcement agencies for the purpose of identifying criminal offenders and alleged offenders and maintaining as to such persons records of arrests, the nature and disposition of criminal charges, sentencing, confinement, rehabilitation, and release;
criminal justice
means activities pertaining to crime prevention, control, or reduction, or the enforcement of the criminal law, including, but not limited to, police efforts to prevent, control, or reduce crime or to apprehend criminals, including juveniles, activities of courts having criminal jurisdiction, and related agencies (including but not limited to prosecutorial and defender services, juvenile delinquency agencies and pretrial service or release agencies), activities of corrections, probation, or parole authorities and related agencies assisting in the rehabilitation, supervision, and care of criminal offenders, and programs relating to the prevention, control, or reduction of narcotic addiction and juvenile delinquency;
criminal justice agency
means a State, local, or tribal—
criminal or juvenile justice agency
means an agency of a State or local government or its contracted agency that is responsible for detection, arrest, enforcement, prosecution, defense, adjudication, incarceration, probation, or parole relating to the violation of the criminal laws of that State or local government.
crisis intervention team
means a collaborative, interdisciplinary team that brings together specially trained law enforcement officers, mental health providers, and other community stakeholders to respond to mental health-related calls, use appropriate de-escalation techniques, and assess if referral to services or transport for mental health evaluation is appropriate;
de-escalation
means taking action or communicating verbally or non-verbally during a potential force encounter in an attempt to stabilize the situation and reduce the immediacy of the threat so that more time, options, and resources can be called upon to resolve the situation without the use of force or with a reduction in the force necessary;
Director
means the Director of the Bureau.
disability
has the meaning given that term in section 12102 of title 42;
discretionary
means that a system of graduated sanctions is not required to be imposed by each and every juvenile court in a State or unit of local government.
eligible educational institution
means an institution which—
eligible entity
means a law enforcement agency in partnership with not less than 1 educational institution, which may include 1 or any combination of the following:
eligible inmate
means an individual who—
eligible organization
means a national nonprofit organization that provides technical assistance and training to, and has special expertise and broad, national-level experience in, mental health, crisis intervention, criminal justice systems, law enforcement, translating evidence into practice, training, and research, and education and support of people with mental illness and the families of such individuals.
eligible patient
means an adult, mentally ill person who, as determined by a court—
eligible State
means a State that—
evaluation
means the administration and conduct of studies and analyses to determine the impact and value of a project or program in accomplishing the statutory objectives of this chapter;
evidence-based
means a program, practice, technology, or equipment that—
exposed
includes—
exposure-related cancer
means—
family-friendly policy
means a policy to promote or improve the morale and well being of law enforcement personnel and their families;
firefighter
includes an individual serving as an officially recognized or designated member of a legally organized volunteer fire department, including an individual who, as such a member, engages in scene security or traffic management as the primary or only duty of the individual during emergency response;
first responder
includes a firefighter, law enforcement officer, paramedic, emergency medical technician, or other individual (including an employee of a legally organized and recognized volunteer organization, whether compensated or not), who, in the course of his or her professional duties, responds to fire, medical, hazardous material, or other similar emergencies.
geographically constituent unit of local government
means a unit of local government that has jurisdiction over areas located within the boundaries of an area over which a unit of local government certified pursuant to clause (i) has jurisdiction.
graduated sanctions
means an accountability-based graduated series of sanctions (including incentives, treatments, and services) applicable to mentally ill offenders within both the juvenile and adult justice system to hold individuals accountable for their actions and to protect communities by providing appropriate sanctions for inducing law-abiding behavior and preventing subsequent involvement in the criminal justice system.
hearing examiner
includes any medical or claims examiner;
high probability of improving the criminal justice system
means that a prudent assessment of the concepts and implementation plans included in a proposed program, project, approach, or practice, together with an assessment of the problem to which it is addressed and of data and information bearing on the problem, concept, and implementation plan, provides strong evidence that the proposed activities would result in identifiable improvements in the criminal justice system if implemented as proposed;
Indian Tribe
has the meaning given the term “Indian tribe” in section 5304(e) of title 25;
institution of higher education
means any such institution as defined by section 1001 of title 20, subject, however, to such modifications and extensions as the Office may determine to be appropriate;
intoxication
means a disturbance of mental or physical faculties resulting from the introduction of alcohol into the body as evidenced by— or resulting from drugs or other substances in the body;
juvenile
means an individual who is 17 years of age or younger.
juvenile justice expenditures
means expenditures in connection with the juvenile justice system, including expenditures in connection with such system to carry out—
law enforcement agency
means an agency of the United States, a State, or a political subdivision of a State, authorized by law or by a government agency to engage in or supervise the prevention, detection, investigation, or prosecution of any violation of criminal law.
law enforcement officer
means an individual involved in crime and juvenile delinquency control or reduction, or enforcement of the criminal laws (including juvenile delinquency), including, but not limited to, police, corrections, probation, parole, and judicial officers;
law enforcement personnel
means individuals employed by Federal, State, and local law enforcement agencies.
local entity
means a child support enforcement agency, law enforcement agency, prosecuting attorney, or unit of local government.
mass casualty event
means an incident resulting in casualties to not fewer than 3 victims, including—
mass fatality event
means an incident resulting in the fatalities of not fewer than 3 individuals at 1 or more locations close to one another with a common cause.
mass shooting
means a multiple homicide incident in which not fewer than 3 victims are killed—
medication-assisted treatment
means the use of medications approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of opioid abuse.
member of a rescue squad or ambulance crew
means an officially recognized or designated employee or volunteer member of a rescue squad or ambulance crew (including a ground or air ambulance service) that—
mental health agency
means an agency of a State or local government or its contracted agency that is responsible for mental health services or co-occurring mental health and substance abuse services.
mental health court
means a judicial program that meets the requirements of subchapter XXI of this chapter.
mental illness
means a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder—
minor
means an individual who has not attained the age of 18 years.
Native Hawaiian
has the meaning given that term in section 4221 of title 25.
nature of the claim
means whether the claim is a claim for—
neighborhood or community-based organizations
means organizations, including faith-based, that are representative of communities or significant segments of communities;
neurocognitive disorder
means a disorder that is characterized by a clinically significant decline in cognitive functioning and may include symptoms and signs such as disturbances in memory, executive functioning (that is, higher-level cognitive processes, such as, regulating attention, planning, inhibiting responses, decision-making), visual-spatial functioning, language, speech, perception, insight, judgment, or an insensitivity to social standards;
nonprofit agency
means an organization that is described in section 501(c)(3) of title 26 and is exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of title 26.
nonprofit organization
means an organization that is described in section 501(c)(3) of title 26 and is exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of such title.
nonviolent offense
means an offense that does not have as an element the use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical force against the person or property of another or is not a felony that by its nature involves a substantial risk that physical force against the person or property of another may be used in the course of committing the offense.
nonviolent parent drug offender
means an offender who is—
opioid
means any drug, including heroin, having an addiction-forming or addiction-sustaining liability similar to morphine or being capable of conversion into a drug having such addiction-forming or addiction-sustaining liability.
part 1 violent crimes
means murder and nonnegligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault as reported to the Federal Bureau of Investigation for purposes of the Uniform Crime Reports.
peer-to-peer services or programs
means services or programs that connect qualified veterans with other veterans for the purpose of providing support and mentorship to assist qualified veterans in obtaining treatment, recovery, stabilization, or rehabilitation.
population
means total resident population based on data compiled by the United States Bureau of the Census and referable to the same point or period in time;
preliminarily qualified offender
means an adult or juvenile accused of an offense who—
prison-based family treatment program
means a program for incarcerated parents or pregnant women in a correctional facility that provides a comprehensive response to offender needs, including substance abuse treatment, child early intervention services, family counseling, legal services, medical care, mental health services, nursery and preschool, parenting skills training, pediatric care, physical therapy, prenatal care, sexual abuse therapy, relapse prevention, transportation, and vocational or GED training.
private person
means any individual (including an individual acting in his official capacity) and any private partnership, corporation, association, organization, or entity (or any combination thereof);
program of education
means any curriculum or any combination of unit courses or subjects pursued at an eligible educational institution, which generally is accepted as necessary to fulfill requirements for the attainment of a predetermined and identified educational, professional, or vocational objective.
prosecutor
means a full-time employee of a State or unit of local government who—
protection order
has the meaning given the term in section 2266 of title 18.
proven effectiveness
means that a program, project, approach, or practice has been shown by analysis of performance and results to make a significant contribution to the accomplishment of the objectives for which it was undertaken or to have a significant effect in improving the condition or problem it was undertaken to address;
public agency
means any State, unit of local government, combination of such States or units, or any department, agency, or instrumentality of any of the foregoing;
public defender
means an attorney who—
public safety officer
means—
qualified veteran
means a preliminarily qualified offender who—
qualifying State
means any State which has submitted an application for a grant, or in which an eligible entity has submitted an application for a grant, which meets the requirements prescribed by the Attorney General and the conditions set out in this subchapter.
railroad police officer
means a peace officer who is commissioned in his or her State of legal residence or State of primary employment and employed by a rail carrier to enforce State laws for the protection of railroad property, personnel, passengers, or cargo.
record of proven success
means that a program, project, approach, or practice has been demonstrated by evaluation or by analysis of performance data and information to be successful in a number of jurisdictions or over a period of time in contributing to the accomplishment of objectives or to improving conditions identified with the problem, to which it is addressed;
reentry court
means a program that—
residential substance abuse treatment program
means a course of individual and group activities, lasting between 6 and 12 months, in residential treatment facilities set apart from the general prison population—
restorative justice program
means a program that emphasizes the moral accountability of an offender toward the victim and the affected community and may include community reparations boards, restitution (in the form of monetary payment or service to the victim or, where no victim can be identified, service to the affected community), and mediation between victim and offender.
retired law enforcement officer
means an individual who separated from service in good standing as a law enforcement officer in an official capacity at a public agency with or without compensation.
reunification treatment
means a treatment or therapy aimed at reuniting or reestablishing a relationship between a child and an estranged or rejected parent or other family member of the child.
rural State
means a State that has a population density of fifty-two or fewer persons per square mile or a State in which the largest county has fewer than one hundred and fifty thousand people, based on the decennial census of 1990 through fiscal year 1997.
sanctions
means tangible, proportional consequences that hold the juvenile offender accountable for the offense committed.
schedule II, III, or IV controlled substance
means a controlled substance that is listed on schedule II, schedule III, or schedule IV of section 812(c) of title 21.
school
means an elementary or secondary school, including a Bureau-funded school (as defined in section 2021 of title 25);
school resource officer
means a career law enforcement officer, with sworn authority, deployed in community-oriented policing, and assigned by the employing police department or agency to work in collaboration with schools and community-based organizations—
Secretary
means the Secretary of Health and Human Services.
sedentary work
means work that—
severe form of trafficking in persons
has the meaning given the term in section 7102 of title 22.
specially qualified unit
means a unit of local government which may receive funds under this subchapter only in accordance with section 10404(e) of this title.
State
means any State of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands: Provided, That for the purposes of section 10156(a) of this title, American Samoa and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands shall be considered as one state 1 and that for these purposes 67 per centum of the amounts allocated shall be allocated to American Samoa, and 33 per centum to the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.2
State substance abuse agency
has the meaning given that term in section 290bb–1(r)(6) 1 of title 42.
student loan
means—
trauma kit
means a first aid response kit, which includes a bleeding control kit that can be used for controlling a life-threatening hemorrhage.
traumatic event
means, in the case of a public safety officer exposed to an event, an event that is—
tribal organization
has the same meaning given the term in section 5304(l) of title 25.
unit of local government
means—
unresolved audit finding
means a finding in the final audit report of the Inspector General of the Department of Justice that the audited grantee has utilized grant funds for an unauthorized expenditure or otherwise unallowable cost that is not closed or resolved within 12 months from the date when the final audit report is issued.
veterans treatment court program
means a court program involving collaboration among criminal justice, veterans, and mental health and substance abuse agencies that provides qualified veterans with—
violent offender
means a juvenile who has been convicted of, or adjudicated delinquent for, a felony-level offense that—
white collar crime
includes—
white-collar crime
means an illegal act or series of illegal acts committed by nonphysical means and by concealment or guile, to obtain money or property, to avoid the payment or loss of money or property, or to obtain business or personal advantage;
young offender
means a non-violent first-time offender or a non-violent offender with a minor criminal record who is 22 years of age or younger (including juveniles);