Chapter 97, Section 1605, Subsection (h) · 28 U.S.C. Chapter 97 — JURISDICTIONAL IMMUNITIES OF FOREIGN STATES

Contents

(h)

(1)If—

(A)a work is imported into the United States from any foreign state pursuant to an agreement that provides for the temporary exhibition or display of such work entered into between a foreign state that is the owner or custodian of such work and the United States or one or more cultural or educational institutions within the United States;

(B)the President, or the President’s designee, has determined, in accordance with subsection (a) of Public Law 89–259 (22 U.S.C. 2459(a)), that such work is of cultural significance and the temporary exhibition or display of such work is in the national interest; and

(C)the notice thereof has been published in accordance with subsection (a) of Public Law 89–259 (22 U.S.C. 2459(a)),

any activity in the United States of such foreign state, or of any carrier, that is associated with the temporary exhibition or display of such work shall not be considered to be commercial activity by such foreign state for purposes of subsection (a)(3).

(2)

(A)Paragraph (1) shall not apply in any case asserting jurisdiction under subsection (a)(3) in which rights in property taken in violation of international law are in issue within the meaning of that subsection and—

(i)the property at issue is the work described in paragraph (1);

(ii)the action is based upon a claim that such work was taken in connection with the acts of a covered government during the covered period;

(iii)the court determines that the activity associated with the exhibition or display is commercial activity, as that term is defined in section 1603(d); and

(iv)a determination under clause (iii) is necessary for the court to exercise jurisdiction over the foreign state under subsection (a)(3).

(B)In addition to cases exempted under subparagraph (A), paragraph (1) shall not apply in any case asserting jurisdiction under subsection (a)(3) in which rights in property taken in violation of international law are in issue within the meaning of that subsection and—

(i)the property at issue is the work described in paragraph (1);

(ii)the action is based upon a claim that such work was taken in connection with the acts of a foreign government as part of a systematic campaign of coercive confiscation or misappropriation of works from members of a targeted and vulnerable group;

(iii)the taking occurred after 1900;

(iv)the court determines that the activity associated with the exhibition or display is commercial activity, as that term is defined in section 1603(d); and

(v)a determination under clause (iv) is necessary for the court to exercise jurisdiction over the foreign state under subsection (a)(3).

(3)For purposes of this subsection—

(A)the term “work” means a work of art or other object of cultural significance;

(B)the term “covered government” means—

(i)the Government of Germany during the covered period;

(ii)any government in any area in Europe that was occupied by the military forces of the Government of Germany during the covered period;

(iii)any government in Europe that was established with the assistance or cooperation of the Government of Germany during the covered period; and

(iv)any government in Europe that was an ally of the Government of Germany during the covered period; and

(C)the term “covered period” means the period beginning on January 30, 1933, and ending on May 8, 1945.

United States Government work; public domain under 17 U.S.C. § 105.