Contents
Gchq
3The Government Communications Headquarters.#
(1)There shall continue to be a Government Communications Headquarters under the authority of the Secretary of State; and, subject to subsection (2) below, its functions shall be—
(a)to monitor , make use of or interfere with electromagnetic, acoustic and other emissions and any equipment producing such emissions and to obtain and provide information derived from or related to such emissions or equipment and from encrypted material; and
(b)to provide advice and assistance about—
(i)languages, including terminology used for technical matters, and
(ii)cryptography and other matters relating to the protection of information and other material,
to the armed forces of the Crown, to Her Majesty’s Government in the United Kingdom or to a Northern Ireland Department or, in such cases as it considers appropriate, to other organisations or persons, or to the general public, in the United Kingdom or elsewhere.
(2)The functions referred to in subsection (1)(a) above shall be exercisable only—
(a)in the interests of national security, with particular reference to the defence and foreign policies of Her Majesty’s Government in the United Kingdom; or
(b)in the interests of the economic well-being of the United Kingdom in relation to the actions or intentions of persons outside the British Islands; or
(c)in support of the prevention or detection of serious crime.
(3)In this Act the expression “GCHQ” refers to the Government Communications Headquarters and to any unit or part of a unit of the armed forces of the Crown which is for the time being required by the Secretary of State to assist the Government Communications Headquarters in carrying out its functions.
4The Director of GCHQ.#
(1)The operations of GCHQ shall continue to be under the control of a Director appointed by the Secretary of State.
(2)The Director shall be responsible for the efficiency of GCHQ and it shall be his duty to ensure—
(a)that there are arrangements for securing that no information is obtained by GCHQ except so far as necessary for the proper discharge of its functions and that no information is disclosed by it except so far as necessary for that purpose or for the purpose of any criminal proceedings; and
(b)that GCHQ does not take any action to further the interests of any United Kingdom political party.
(3)Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (2)(a) above, the disclosure of information shall be regarded as necessary for the proper discharge of the functions of GCHQ if it consists of—
(a)the disclosure of records subject to and in accordance with the Public Records Act 1958; or
(b)the disclosure, subject to and in accordance with arrangements approved by the Secretary of State, of information to the Comptroller and Auditor General for the purposes of his functions.
(4)The Director shall make an annual report on the work of GCHQ to the Prime Minister and the Secretary of State and may at any time report to either of them on any matter relating to its work.
Supplementary
11Interpretation and consequential amendments.#
(1)In this Act—
(a) “the 1989 Act ” means the noteSecurity Service Act 1989;
(b). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(d) “senior official ” has the same meaning as in the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000;
(e) “wireless telegraphy ” has the same meaning as in the Wireless Telegraphy Act 2006 and, in relation to wireless telegraphy, “interfere ” has the same meaning as in that Act;
(f) “working day ” means any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday, Christmas Day, Good Friday or a day which is a bank holiday under the noteBanking and Financial Dealings Act 1971 in any part of the United Kingdom.
(1A)Section 81(5) of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (meaning of “prevention ” and “detection ”), so far as it relates to serious crime, shall apply for the purposes of this Act as it applies for the purposes of that Act, except that for the purposes of section 3 above it shall not include a reference to gathering evidence for use in any legal proceedings (within the meaning of that Act).
(2)In consequence of the preceding provisions of this Act, the 1989 Act, the noteOfficial Secrets Act 1989 and the noteOfficial Secrets Act 1989 (Prescription) Order 1990 shall have effect subject to the amendments in Schedule 4 to this Act.
12Short title, commencement and extent.#
(1)This Act may be cited as the Intelligence Services Act 1994.
(2)This Act shall come into force on such day as the Secretary of State may by an order made by statutory instrument appoint, and different days may be so appointed for different provisions or different purposes.
(3)This Act extends to Northern Ireland.
(4)Her Majesty may by Order in Council direct that any of the provisions of this Act specified in the Order shall extend, with such exceptions, adaptations and modifications as appear to Her to be necessary or expedient, to the Isle of Man, any of the Channel Islands or any colony.
The Commissioner, the Tribunal and the investigation of complaints
The Intelligence and Security Committee
The Secret Intelligence Service
1The Secret Intelligence Service.#
(1)There shall continue to be a Secret Intelligence Service (in this Act referred to as “the Intelligence Service ”) under the authority of the Secretary of State; and, subject to subsection (2) below, its functions shall be—
(a)to obtain and provide information relating to the actions or intentions of persons outside the British Islands; and
(b)to perform other tasks relating to the actions or intentions of such persons.
(2)The functions of the Intelligence Service shall be exercisable only—
(a)in the interests of national security, with particular reference to the defence and foreign policies of Her Majesty’s Government in the United Kingdom; or
(b)in the interests of the economic well-being of the United Kingdom; or
(c)in support of the prevention or detection of serious crime.
2The Chief of the Intelligence Service.#
(1)The operations of the Intelligence Service shall continue to be under the control of a Chief of that Service appointed by the Secretary of State.
(2)The Chief of the Intelligence Service shall be responsible for the efficiency of that Service and it shall be his duty to ensure—
(a)that there are arrangements for securing that no information is obtained by the Intelligence Service except so far as necessary for the proper discharge of its functions and that no information is disclosed by it except so far as necessary—
(i)for that purpose;
(ii)in the interests of national security;
(iii)for the purpose of the prevention or detection of serious crime; or
(iv)for the purpose of any criminal proceedings; and
(b)that the Intelligence Service does not take any action to further the interests of any United Kingdom political party.
(3)Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (2)(a) above, the disclosure of information shall be regarded as necessary for the proper discharge of the functions of the Intelligence Service if it consists of—
(a)the disclosure of records subject to and in accordance with the Public Records Act 1958; or
(b)the disclosure, subject to and in accordance with arrangements approved by the Secretary of State, of information to the Comptroller and Auditor General for the purposes of his functions.
(4)The Chief of the Intelligence Service shall make an annual report on the work of the Intelligence Service to the Prime Minister and the Secretary of State and may at any time report to either of them on any matter relating to its work.
Schedule 1
Preliminary
(1)Any person may complain to the Tribunal if he is aggrieved by anything which he believes the Intelligence Service or GCHQ has done in relation to him or to any property of his; and, unless the Tribunal consider that the complaint is frivolous or vexatious, they shall deal with it in accordance with this Schedule.
References and investigations by the Tribunal
(2)If and so far as the complaint alleges that anything has been done in relation to any property of the complainant, the Tribunal shall refer the complaint to the Commissioner.
(3)Subject to paragraph 2 above and paragraph 4 below, the Tribunal shall investigate—
(a)whether the Intelligence Service or, as the case may be, GCHQ has obtained or provided information or performed any other tasks in relation to the actions or intentions of the complainant; and
(b)if so, whether, applying the principles applied by a court on an application for judicial review, the Intelligence Service or GCHQ had reasonable grounds for doing what it did.
(4)If, in the course of the investigation of a complaint by the Tribunal, the Tribunal consider that it is necessary to establish whether an authorisation was given under section 7 of this Act to the doing of any act, they shall refer so much of the complaint as relates to the doing of that act to the Commissioner.
Functions of the Commissioner in relation to complaints
(5)
(1)Where a reference is made to the Commissioner under paragraph 2 or paragraph 4 above, the Commissioner shall investigate, as the case may require,—
(a)whether a warrant was issued under section 5 of this Act in relation to the property concerned; or
(b)whether an authorisation was given under section 7 of this Act to the doing of the act in question.
(2)If the Commissioner finds that a warrant was issued or an authorisation was given, he shall, applying the principles applied by a court on an application for judicial review, determine whether the Secretary of State was or, in the case of a warrant issued by them (by virtue of provision made under section 63 of the Scotland Act 1998, the Scottish Ministers were acting properly in issuing or renewing the warrant or, as the case may be, in giving or renewing the authorisation.
(3)The Commissioner shall inform the Tribunal of his conclusion on any reference made to him under paragraph 2 or paragraph 4 above.
Report of conclusions
(6)
(1)Where the Tribunal determine under paragraph 3 above that the Intelligence Service or, as the case may be, GCHQ did not have reasonable grounds for doing what it did, they shall—
(a)give notice to the complainant that they have made a determination in his favour; and
(b)make a report of their findings to the Secretary of State or, in the case of a warrant issued by them (by virtue of provision under section 63 of the Scotland Act 1998), the Scottish Ministers and to the Commissioner.
(2)The Tribunal shall also give notice to the complainant of any determination in his favour by the Commissioner under paragraph 5 above.
(3)Where in the case of any complaint no such determination as is mentioned in sub-paragraph (1) or sub-paragraph (2) above is made by the Tribunal or the Commissioner, the Tribunal shall give notice to the complainant that no determination in his favour has been made on his complaint.
Special references by Tribunal to Commissioner
(7)
(1)If in any case investigated by the Tribunal—
(a)the Tribunal’s conclusions on the matters which they are required to investigate are such that no determination is made by them in favour of the complainant; but
(b)it appears to the Tribunal from the allegations made by the complainant that it is appropriate for there to be an investigation into whether the Intelligence Service or GCHQ has in any other respect acted unreasonably in relation to the complainant or his property,
they shall refer that matter to the Commissioner.
(2)The Commissioner may report any matter referred to him under sub-paragraph (1) above to the Secretary of State or, in any case which relates to a warrant which was issued by them (by virtue of provision made under section 63 of the Scotland Act 1998), to the Scottish Ministers.
Remedies
(8)
(1)Where the Tribunal give a complainant notice of such a determination as is mentioned in paragraph 6(1) above, the Tribunal may do either or both of the following, namely,—
(a)direct that the obtaining and provision of information in relation to the complainant or, as the case may be, the conduct of other activities in relation to him or to any property of his shall cease and that any records relating to such information so obtained or provided or such other activities shall be destroyed;
(b)direct the Secretary of State or, if the determination relates to activities in respect of which a warrant was issued under section 5 of this Act by them (by virtue of provision made under section 63 of the Scotland Act 1998), the Scottish Ministers to pay to the complainant such sum by way of compensation as may be specified by the Tribunal.
(2)Where the Tribunal give a complainant notice of such a determination as is mentioned in paragraph 6(2) above, the Tribunal may do either or both of the following, namely,—
(a)quash any warrant or authorisation which the Commissioner has found to have been improperly issued, renewed or given and which he considers should be quashed;
(b)direct the Secretary of State to pay to the complainant such sum by way of compensation as may be specified by the Commissioner.
(3)Where the Secretary of State receives a report under paragraph 7(2) above, he may take such action in the light of the report as he thinks fit, including any action which the Tribunal have power to take or direct under the preceding provisions of this paragraph.
Supplementary
(9)The persons who may complain to the Tribunal under this Schedule include any organisation and any association or combination of persons.
(10)
(1)No complaint shall be entertained under this Schedule if and so far as it relates to anything done before the date on which this Schedule comes into force.
(2)Where any activities in relation to any person or his property were instituted before that date and no decision had been taken before that date to discontinue them, paragraphs 2 and 3 above shall have effect as if they had been instituted on that date.
(11)Any reference in this Schedule to a complainant’s property includes—
(a)a reference to any wireless telegraphy transmission originated or received or intended to be received by him; and
(b)a reference to any place where the complainant resides or works.
Schedule 2
Constitution of the Tribunal
(1)
(1)The Tribunal shall consist of not less than three or more than five members each of whom shall be—
(a)a person who has a 10 year general qualification within the meaning of section 71 of the noteCourts and Legal Services Act 1990;
(b)an advocate or solicitor in Scotland of at least ten years’ standing; or
(c)a member of the Bar of Northern Ireland or solicitor of the Supreme Court of Northern Ireland of at least 10 years’ standing.
(2)The members of the Tribunal shall be appointed by Her Majesty by Royal Warrant.
(3)A member of the Tribunal shall vacate office at the end of the period of five years beginning with the day of his appointment but shall be eligible for re-appointment.
(4)A member of the Tribunal may be relieved of office by Her Majesty at his own request.
(5)A member of the Tribunal may be removed from office by Her Majesty on an Address presented to Her by both Houses of Parliament.
President and Vice-President
(2)
(2)If at any time the President of the Tribunal is temporarily unable to carry out the functions of the President under this Schedule, the Vice-President shall carry out those functions.
(3)A person shall cease to be President or Vice-President of the Tribunal if he ceases to be a member of the Tribunal.
Procedure
(3)The functions of the Tribunal in relation to any complaint shall be capable of being carried out, in any place in the United Kingdom, by any two or more members of the Tribunal designated for the purpose by their President; and different members of the Tribunal may carry out functions in relation to different complaints at the same time.
(4)
(1)It shall be the duty of every member of the Intelligence Service or, as the case may be, GCHQ to disclose or give to the Tribunal such documents or information as they may require for the purpose of enabling them to carry out their functions under this Act.
(2)Subject to paragraph 6(2) below, the Tribunal shall carry out their functions under this Act in such a way as to secure that no document or information disclosed or given to the Tribunal by any person is disclosed without his consent to any complainant, to any person (other than the Commissioner) holding office under the Crown or to any other person; and accordingly the Tribunal shall not, except in reports under paragraph 6(1)(b) of Schedule 1 to this Act, give any reasons for a determination notified by them to a complainant.
(3)Subject to sub-paragraph (2) above, the Tribunal may determine their own procedure.
Salaries and expenses
(5)
(1)The Secretary of State shall pay to the members of the Tribunal such remuneration and allowances as he may with the approval of the Treasury determine.
(2)The Secretary of State shall defray such expenses of the Tribunal as he may with the approval of the Treasury determine.
Staff
(6)
(1)The Secretary of State may, after consultation with the Tribunal and with the approval of the Treasury as to numbers, provide the Tribunal with such staff as he thinks necessary for the proper discharge of their functions.
(2)The Tribunal may authorise any member of their staff to obtain any documents or information on the Tribunal’s behalf.
Parliamentary disqualification
(7)
(1)In Part II of Schedule 1 to the noteHouse of Commons Disqualification Act 1975 (bodies whose members are disqualified) there shall be inserted at the appropriate place—
(2)The same amendment shall be made in Part II of Schedule 1 to the noteNorthern Ireland Assembly Disqualification Act 1975.
“The Tribunal established under section 9 of the Intelligence Services Act 1994”
Schedule 3 · The intelligence and security committee
Tenure of office
(1). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (repealed)
Procedure
(2). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (repealed)
Access to information
(3). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (repealed)
Sensitive information
(4). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (repealed)
Schedule 4 · Consequential amendments
The Security Service Act 1989
(1)
(1)In section 2 of the noteSecurity Service Act 1989 (duties of the Director-General of the Security Service) in subsection (2) after the words “serious crime ” there shall be inserted “ or for the purpose of any criminal proceedings ”.
(2)After subsection (3) of that section there shall be inserted the following subsection—“3A Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (2)(a) above, the disclosure of information shall be regarded as necessary for the proper discharge of the functions of the Security Service if it consists of—a the disclosure of records subject to and in accordance with the Public Records Act 1958; orb the disclosure, subject to and in accordance with arrangements approved by the Secretary of State, of information to the Comptroller and Auditor General for the purposes of his functions.”
(2)In section 4(3) of that Act (Security Service Commissioner to review exercise of powers by Secretary of State), for the words “powers under section 3 above ” there shall be substituted “ powers, so far as they relate to applications made by the Service, under sections 5 and 6 of the Intelligence Services Act 1994. ”
(3)In paragraph 4(1) of Schedule 1 to that Act (Security Service Commissioner to investigate whether the Secretary of State acted properly in issuing or renewing warrant), after the words “section 3 of this Act ” there shall be inserted “ or section 5 of the Intelligence Services Act 1994 ”.
The Official Secrets Act 1989
(4)In section 4 of the noteOfficial Secrets Act 1989 (disclosure of information which results in commission of an offence etc.) in subsection (3)(b) after the words “under section 3 of the Security Service Act 1989 ” there shall be inserted “ or under section 5 of the Intelligence Services Act 1994 or by an authorisation given under section 7 of that Act ”.
The Official Secrets Act 1989 (Prescription) Order 1990
(5)At the end of Schedule 3 to the noteOfficial Secrets Act 1989 (Prescription) Order 1990 (bodies giving official authorisations etc.) there shall be added the following entry—“”
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