- accuracy
means the closeness of the agreement between the result of a measurement and the true value of the particular quantity or a reference value determined empirically using internationally accepted and traceable calibration materials and standard methods, taking into account both random and systematic factors;
- activity data
means the amount of fuels or materials consumed or produced by a process relevant for the calculation-based methodology, expressed in terajoules, mass in tonnes or, for gases, volume in normal cubic metres, as appropriate.
- activity level
means the quantity of goods to which the same functional unit applies that are produced within the system boundaries of a production process during a reporting period;
- aggregated goods categories
means aggregated goods categories pursuant to Table 1 of point 2 of Annex I;
- agricultural, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry residues
means residues that are directly generated by agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry and that do not include residues from related industries or processing;
- batch
means an amount of fuel or material representatively sampled and characterised, and transferred as one shipment or continuously over a specific period of time;
- biomass
means biomass as defined in Article 2, point (24) of Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council;
- biomass fraction
means the ratio of carbon stemming from biomass to the total carbon content of a fuel or material, expressed as a fraction;
- calculation factors
means net calorific value, emission factor, preliminary emission factor, oxidation factor, conversion factor, carbon content or biomass fraction;
- calibration
means the set of operations, which establishes, under specified conditions, the relations between values indicated by a measuring instrument or measuring system, or values represented by a material measure or a reference material and the corresponding values of a quantity realised by a reference standard;
- co-product
means any of two or more products resulting from the same production process;
- combustion emissions
means greenhouse gas emissions occurring during the exothermic reaction of a fuel with oxygen;
- conservative
means that a set of assumptions is defined in order to ensure that no under-estimation of reported emissions or over-estimation of production of heat, electricity or goods occurs;
- continuous emission measurement
means a set of operations having the objective of determining the value of a quantity by means of periodic measurements, applying either measurements in the stack or extractive procedures with a measuring instrument located close to the stack, whilst excluding measurement methodologies based on the collection of individual samples from the stack;
- control system
means the operator’s risk assessment and entire set of control activities, including the continuous management thereof, that an operator has established, documented, implemented and maintained pursuant to point A.2 of Annex II.
- conversion factor
means the ratio of carbon emitted as CO2 to the total carbon contained in the source stream before the emitting process takes place, expressed as a fraction, considering CO emitted to the atmosphere as the molar equivalent amount of CO2;
- data set
means one type of data, either at installation level or production process level as relevant in the circumstances, as any of the following:
- emission factor
means the average emission rate of a greenhouse gas relative to the activity data of a source stream assuming complete oxidation for combustion and complete conversion for all other chemical reactions;
- emission source
means a separately identifiable part of an installation or a process within an installation, from which relevant greenhouse gases are emitted;
- fossil carbon
means inorganic and organic carbon that is not biomass;
- fossil fraction
means the ratio of fossil carbon to the total carbon content of a fuel or material, expressed as a fraction;
- fugitive emissions
means irregular or unintended emissions from sources that are not localised, or too diverse or too small to be monitored individually;
- functional unit
means the reference unit used for the calculation of embedded emissions in goods;
- heat meter
means a thermal energy meter or any other device to measure and record the amount of thermal energy produced based upon flow volumes and temperatures;
- inherent CO2
means CO2 which is part of a source stream;
- legal metrological control
means the control exercised by a public authority or regulator of the measurement tasks intended for the field of application of a measuring instrument, for reasons of public interest, public health, public safety, public order, protection of the environment, the levying of taxes and duties, the protection of consumers and fair trading;
- measurable heat
means a net heat flow transported through identifiable pipelines or ducts using a heat transfer medium, such as, in particular, steam, hot air, water, oil, liquid metals and salts, for which a heat meter is or could be installed;
- measurement point
means the emission source for which continuous emission measurement systems (CEMS) are used for emission measurement, or the cross-section of a pipeline system for which the CO2 flow is determined using continuous measurement systems;
- measurement system
means a complete set of measuring instruments and other equipment used to determine variables for the monitoring and calculation of emissions;
- minimum requirements
means monitoring methods using the minimum efforts allowed for determining data in order to result in emission data acceptable for the purpose of Regulation (EU) 2023/956;
- mixed material
means a material which contains both biomass and fossil carbon;
- multifunctional process
means a process that delivers multiple outputs or whose outputs feed into several production processes;
- net calorific value
(NCV) means the specific amount of energy released as heat when a fuel or material undergoes complete combustion with oxygen under standard conditions, less the heat of vaporisation of any water formed;
- non-CBAM good
means any good produced in the installation that is not included in Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2023/956;
- non-measurable heat
means all heat other than measurable heat;
- oxidation factor
means the ratio of carbon oxidised to CO2 as a consequence of combustion to the total carbon contained in the fuel, expressed as a fraction, considering carbon monoxide (CO) emitted to the atmosphere as the molar equivalent amount of carbon dioxide (CO2);
- precursor
means any input material into a production process included in the list of goods set out in Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2023/956;
- preliminary emission factor
means the assumed total emission factor of a fuel or material based on the carbon content of its biomass fraction and its fossil fraction before multiplying it by the fossil fraction to produce the emission factor;
- process emissions
means greenhouse gas emissions other than combustion emissions occurring as a result of intentional and unintentional reactions between substances or their transformation, for a primary purpose other than the generation of heat, including from the following processes:
- production route
means a specific technology used in a production process to produce goods;
- proxy data
means annual values which are empirically substantiated or derived from accepted sources and which an operator uses to substitute a data set for the purpose of ensuring complete reporting;
- recommended improvements
means monitoring methods which are proven means to ensure that data are more accurate or less prone to mistakes than by mere application of minimum requirements;
- reporting period
means the period corresponding to the calendar year during which the good was produced and used by the authorised CBAM declarant as reference for the determination of embedded emissions;
- residue
means a substance that is not the end product that a production process directly seeks to produce;
- source stream
means either of the following:
- standard conditions
means temperature of 273,15 K and pressure conditions of 101325 Pa defining normal cubic metres (Nm3);
- system boundary
means the group of chemical or physical processes included in the calculation of embedded emissions of goods under the same aggregated goods category;
- uncertainty
means a parameter, associated with the result of the determination of a quantity, that characterises the dispersion of the values that could reasonably be attributed to the particular quantity, including the effects of systematic as well as of random factors, expressed in per cent, and describes a confidence interval around the mean value comprising 95 % of inferred values taking into account any asymmetry of the distribution of values;
- waste
means any substance or object which the holder discards or intends or is required to discard, excluding substances that have been intentionally modified or contaminated in order to meet this definition;
- waste gas
means a gas containing incompletely oxidised carbon in a gaseous state under standard conditions which is a result of any of the processes listed in point (16);