(12)In the last years, a series of issues have been identified in relation to terms and conditions inserted in market data agreements to the disadvantage of clients. Some of those issues concern the practice of market data providers to impose onerous administrative obligations on market data clients, including through frequent and detailed requests on the use of market data. Other practices include the use of ambiguous language in the market data agreements, or their frequent amendments which force the client to deploy resources to interpret or review the agreement. Sometimes, market data clients have been obliged to delete historical data from their systems at contract termination, pay per-location fees or unnecessarily restricted in the way they could use market data. Such practices risk entailing an unjustified cost to access market data. Therefore, for terms and conditions to be fair and unbiased, such practices should be prohibited. The requirements on fair and unbiased contractual terms in this Regulation should complement the other applicable provisions of Union law, in particular Regulation (EU) 2023/2854 of the European Parliament and of the Councilnote (Data Act) as well as other regulation dealing with consumer protection, including Council Directive 93/13/EECnote (Unfair Contract Terms Directive).
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