- able to be modified
means having provisions to allow a change of the wiring or interconnections to alter hydrophone group spacing or operating depth limits.
- accuracy
includes non-linearity, hysteresis and repeatability at ambient temperature.
- Aircraft
(1 6 7 9) means a fixed wing, swivel wing, rotary wing (helicopter), tilt rotor or tilt-wing airborne vehicle.
- Airship
(9) means a power-driven airborne vehicle that is kept buoyant by a body of gas (usually helium, formerly hydrogen) which is lighter than air.
- All compensations available
(2) means after all feasible measures available to the manufacturer to minimise all systematic positioning errors for the particular machine-tool model or measuring errors for the particular coordinate measuring machine are considered.
- Allocated by the ITU
(3 5) means the allocation of frequency bands according to the current edition of the ITU Radio Regulations for primary, permitted and secondary services.
- alloyed aluminide coating
includes single or multiple-step coatings in which an element or elements are deposited prior to or during application of the aluminide coating, even if these elements are deposited by another coating process.
- aluminium alloys
refers to alloys having an ultimate tensile strength of 190 MPa or more measured at 293 K (20 °C).
- Angle random walk
(7) means the angular error build up with time that is due to white noise in angular rate (IEEE STD 528-2001).
- Angular position deviation
(2) means the maximum difference between angular position and the actual, very accurately measured angular position after the workpiece mount of the table has been turned out of its initial position.
- Asymmetric algorithm
(5) means a cryptographic algorithm using different, mathematically-related keys for encryption and decryption.
- attitude and orbit control
includes sensing and actuation to determine and control the position and orientation of a "spacecraft".
- Authentication
(5) means verifying the identity of a user, process or device, often as a prerequisite to allowing access to resources in an information system.
- Average output power
(6) means the total "laser" output energy, in joules, divided by the period over which a series of consecutive pulses is emitted, in seconds.
- bare table
means a flat table, or surface, with no fixture or fittings.
- Basic gate propagation delay time
(3) means the propagation delay time value corresponding to the basic gate used in a "monolithic integrated circuit".
- Basic scientific research
(GTN NTN) means experimental or theoretical work undertaken principally to acquire new knowledge of the fundamental principles of phenomena or observable facts, not primarily directed towards a specific practical aim or objective.
- Camming
(2) means axial displacement in one revolution of the main spindle measured in a plane perpendicular to the spindle faceplate, at a point next to the circumference of the spindle faceplate (Reference: ISO 230-1:1986, paragraph 5.63).
- CEP
(7) means "Circular Error Probable" - In a circular normal distribution, the radius of the circle containing 50 % of the individual measurements being made, or the radius of the circle within which there is a 50 % probability of being located.
- channel switching time
means the time (i.e., delay) to change from one receiving frequency to another, to arrive at or within ± 0,05 % of the final specified receiving frequency.
- Charge multiplication
(6) means a form of electronic image amplification defined as the generation of charge carriers as a result of an impact ionisation gain process.
- Chemical laser
(6) means a "laser" in which the excited species is produced by the output energy from a chemical reaction.
- Chemical mixture
(1) means a solid, liquid or gaseous product made up of two or more components which do not react together under the conditions under which the mixture is stored.
- Civil aircraft
(1 3 4 7) means those "aircraft" listed by designation in published airworthiness certification lists by the civil aviation authorities of one or more EU Member States or Wassenaar Arrangement Participating States to fly commercial civil internal and external routes or for legitimate civil, private or business use.
- coating process
includes coating repair and refurbishing as well as original coating.
- cold area
means the viewing area of the window exposed to the lowest level of radiation in the design application.
- command and telemetry data handling
includes bus data management, storage, and processing.
- Communications channel controller
(4) means the physical interface which controls the flow of synchronous or asynchronous digital information.
- Composite
(1 2 6 8 9) means a "matrix" and an additional phase or additional phases consisting of particles, whiskers, fibres or any combination thereof, present for a specific purpose or purposes.
- connected civil industry application
means a network connected consumer or civil industry application other than "information security", digital communication, general purpose networking or computing.2.For the purposes of 5A002.a.
- Contouring control
(2) means two or more "numerically controlled" motions operating in accordance with instructions that specify the next required position and the required feed rates to that position.
- corrosion resistant materials
means any of the following materials: 2.The 'nominal size' is defined as the smaller of the inlet and outlet diameters.3.Nominal sizes (DN) of valves are in accordance with ISO 6708:1995.
- corrosion resistant steel
refers to AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute) 300 series or equivalent national standard steels.
- Cryptographic activation
(5) means any technique that specifically activates or enables cryptographic capability of an item, by means of a mechanism implemented by the manufacturer of the item, where this mechanism is uniquely bound to any of the following:
- Cryptography
(5) means the discipline which embodies principles, means and methods for the transformation of data in order to hide its information content, prevent its undetected modification or prevent its unauthorised use.
- cryptography for data confidentiality
means "cryptography" that employs digital techniques for a cryptographic function or capability that is usable or can be made usable, other than any of the following: N.B.For 'cryptographic activation token' items, see 5A002.b., 5D002.b. and 5E002.b. 2.
- Cyber incident response
(4) means the process of exchanging necessary information on a cybersecurity incident with individuals or organisations responsible for conducting or coordinating remediation to address the cybersecurity incident.
- Depleted uranium
(0) means uranium depleted in the isotope 235 below that occurring in nature.
- described security algorithm
means any of the following: Note 1: When necessary as determined by the appropriate authority in the exporter's country, details of items must be accessible and provided to the authority upon request, in order to establish any of the following: Note 2: 5A002.a. does not control any of the following items, or specially designed "information security" components therefor:
- designed or modified
means the environmental chamber provides appropriate interfaces (e.g., sealing devices) to incorporate a shaker unit or other vibration test equipment as specified in 2B116.3.In 9B106.a.2., 'bare table' means a flat table, or surface, with no fixture or fittings.
- Diffusion bonding
(1 2) means a solid state joining of at least two separate pieces of metals into a single piece with a joint strength equivalent to that of the weakest material, wherein the principal mechanism is interdiffusion of atoms across the interface.
- Digital computer
(4 5) means equipment which can, in the form of one or more discrete variables, perform all of the following:
- Digital transfer rate
(def) means the total bit rate of the information that is directly transferred on any type of medium.
- direct view
refers to imaging equipment that presents a visual image to a human observer without converting the image into an electronic signal for television display, and that cannot record or store the image photographically, electronically or by any other means.
- dual mode
means the "vacuum electronic device" beam current can be intentionally changed between continuous-wave and pulsed mode operation by use of a grid and produces a peak pulse output power greater than the continuous-wave output power.
- effective length
means the active height of packing material in a packed-type column, or the active height of internal contactor plates in a plate-type column.
- Electronic assembly
(2 3 4) means a number of electronic components (i.e., 'circuit elements', 'discrete components', integrated circuits, etc.) connected together to perform (a) specific function(s), replaceable as an entity and normally capable of being disassembled.
- End-effectors
(2) means grippers, 'active tooling units' and any other tooling that is attached to the baseplate on the end of a "robot" manipulator arm.
- Energetic materials
(1) means substances or mixtures that react chemically to release energy required for their intended application.
- enhancement
includes the ability to compensate by external means.
- Equivalent density
(6) means the mass of an optic per unit optical area projected onto the optical surface.
- Equivalent standards
(1) means comparable national or international standards recognised by one or more EU Member States or Wassenaar Arrangement Participating States and applicable to the relevant entry.
- executable software
means "software" in executable form, from an existing hardware component excluded from 5A002 by the Cryptography Note.Note:'Executable software' does not include complete binary images of the "software" running on an end-item.
- Explosives
(1) means solid, liquid or gaseous substances or mixtures of substances which, in their application as primary, booster, or main charges in warheads, demolition and other applications, are required to detonate.
- external thermal shields
means major structures placed over the reactor vessel which reduce heat loss from the reactor and reduce temperature within the containment vessel.
- Extreme Ultraviolet
('EUV') refers to electromagnetic spectrum wavelengths greater than 5 nm and less than 124 nm.
- Film type integrated circuit
(3) means an array of 'circuit elements' and metallic interconnections formed by deposition of a thick or thin film on an insulating "substrate".
- fixed-point
refers to a fixed-width real number with both an integer component and a fractional component, and which does not include integer-only formats.
- Fly-by-light system
(7) means a primary digital flight control system employing feedback to control the "aircraft" during flight, where the commands to the effectors/actuators are optical signals.
- Fly-by-wire system
(7) means a primary digital flight control system employing feedback to control the "aircraft" during flight, where the commands to the effectors/actuators are electrical signals.
- Focal plane array
(6 8) means a linear or two-dimensional planar layer, or combination of planar layers, of individual detector elements, with or without readout electronics, which work in the focal plane.
- Fractional bandwidth
(3 5) means the "instantaneous bandwidth" divided by the centre frequency, expressed as a percentage.
- Frequency hopping
(5 6) means a form of "spread spectrum" in which the transmission frequency of a single communication channel is made to change by a random or pseudo-random sequence of discrete steps.
- Frequency switching time
(3) means the time (i.e., delay) taken by a signal when switched from an initial specified output frequency, to arrive at or within any of the following:
- Fusible
(1) means capable of being cross-linked or polymerized further (cured) by the use of heat, radiation, catalysts, etc., or that can be melted without pyrolysis (charring).
- Guidance set
(7) means systems that integrate the process of measuring and computing a vehicles position and velocity (i.e., navigation) with that of computing and sending commands to the vehicles flight control systems to correct the trajectory.
- Hard selectors
(5) means data or set of data, related to an individual (e.g., family name, given name, e-mail, street address, phone number or group affiliations).
- High output diesel engines
(9) means diesel engines with a specified brake mean effective pressure of 1,8 MPa or more at a speed of 2300 r.p.m., provided the rated speed is 2300 r.p.m. or more.
- high strength-to-density ratio material
means any of the following:
- Hybrid integrated circuit
(3) means any combination of integrated circuit(s), or integrated circuit with 'circuit elements' or 'discrete components' connected together to perform (a) specific function(s), and having all of the following characteristics:
- Image enhancement
(4) means the processing of externally derived information-bearing images by algorithms such as time compression, filtering, extraction, selection, correlation, convolution or transformations between domains (e.g., fast Fourier transform or Walsh transform).
- inner-loop
refers to functions of "active flight control systems" that automate airframe stability controls.
- Instantaneous bandwidth
(3 5 7) means the bandwidth over which output power remains constant within 3 dB without adjustment of other operating parameters.
- Interleaved Analogue-to-Digital Converter (ADC)
(3) means devices that have multiple ADC units that sample the same analogue input at different times such that when the outputs are aggregated, the analogue input has been effectively sampled and converted at a higher sampling rate.
- Intrusion software
(4 5) means "software" specially designed or modified to avoid detection by 'monitoring tools', or to defeat 'protective countermeasures', of a computer or network-capable device, and performing any of the following:
- Isolated live cultures
(1) includes live cultures in dormant form and in dried preparations.
- Lighter-than-air vehicles
(9) means balloons and "airships" that rely on hot air or other lighter-than-air gases such as helium or hydrogen for their lift.
- linear displacement
means the change of distance between the measuring probe and the measured object.
- Low-expansion glasses
refers to glasses which have a coefficient of thermal expansion of 1 × 10-7 K-1 or less measured at 293 K (20 °C).
- marine gas turbine engines
includes those industrial, or aero-derivative, gas turbine engines adapted for a ship's electric power generation or propulsion.
- Matrix
(1 2 8 9) means a substantially continuous phase that fills the space between particles, whiskers or fibres.
- Measuring range
means the distance between the minimum and maximum working distance.
- Microcomputer microcircuit
(3) means a "monolithic integrated circuit" or "multichip integrated circuit" containing an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) capable of executing general purpose instructions from an internal storage, on data contained in the internal storage.
- Microorganisms
(1 2) means bacteria, viruses, mycoplasms, rickettsiae, chlamydiae or fungi, whether natural, enhanced or modified, either in the form of "isolated live cultures" or as material including living material which has been deliberately inoculated or contaminated with such cultures.
- Microprocessor microcircuit
(3) means a "monolithic integrated circuit" or "multichip integrated circuit" containing an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) capable of executing a series of general purpose instructions from an external storage.
- missile
means complete rocket systems and unmanned aerial vehicle systems capable of a range exceeding 300 km.
- missiles
means complete rocket systems and unmanned aerial vehicle systems capable of a range exceeding 300 km.
- mixtures thereof
includes infiltrated material, graded compositions, co-deposits and multilayer deposits and are obtained by one or more of the coating processes specified in the Table.
- Modified zirconia
refers to additions of other metal oxides (e.g., calcia, magnesia, yttria, hafnia, rare earth oxides) to zirconia in order to stabilise certain crystallographic phases and phase compositions.
- Monolithic integrated circuit
(3) means a combination of passive or active 'circuit elements' or both which:
- Multichip integrated circuit
(3) means two or more "monolithic integrated circuits" bonded to a common "substrate".
- Multiple channel Analogue-to-Digital Converter (ADC)
(3) means devices that integrate more than one ADC, designed so that each ADC has a separate analogue input.
- multiple transverse mode
refers to "lasers" with a beam profile having an M 2-factor of 1,3 or higher.
- Natural uranium
(0) means uranium containing the mixtures of isotopes occurring in nature.
- natural vision
means unaided human sight, with or without corrective lenses.
- Network access controller
(4) means a physical interface to a distributed switching network.
- non-arbitrary data
means sensor or metering data directly related to the stability, performance or physical measurement of a system (e.g., temperature, pressure, flow rate, mass, volume, voltage, physical location etc.), that cannot be changed by the user of the device.
- Non-repetitive pulsed
refers to "lasers" that produce either a single output pulse or that have a time interval between pulses exceeding one minute.
- Nuclear reactor
(0) means a complete reactor capable of operation so as to maintain a controlled self-sustaining fission chain reaction.
- nuclear reactor internals
means any major structure within a reactor vessel which has one or more functions such as supporting the core, maintaining fuel alignment, directing primary coolant flow, providing radiation shields for the reactor vessel, and guiding in-core instrumentation.
- Numerical control
(2) means the automatic control of a process performed by a device that makes use of numeric data usually introduced as the operation is in progress (ref.
- Object code
(GSN) means an equipment executable form of a convenient expression of one or more processes ("source code" (source language)) which has been compiled by programming system.
- operate autonomously
means fully submerged, without snorkel, all systems working and cruising at minimum speed at which the submersible can safely control its depth dynamically by using its depth planes only, with no need for a support vessel or support base on the surface, sea-bed or shore, and containing a propulsion system for submerged or surface use.2.For the purposes of 8A001.b., 'range' means half the maximum distance a submersible vehicle can 'operate autonomously'.
- Optical integrated circuit
(3) means a "monolithic integrated circuit" or a "hybrid integrated circuit", containing one or more parts designed to function as a photosensor or photoemitter or to perform (an) optical or (an) electro-optical function(s).
- Optical switching
(5) means the routing of or switching of signals in optical form without conversion to electrical signals.
- other liquid or gel propellants
includes, but is not limited to, propellants specified in THE MILITARY GOODS CONTROLS.
- Overall current density
(3) means the total number of ampere-turns in the coil (i.e., the sum of the number of turns multiplied by the maximum current carried by each turn) divided by the total cross-section of the coil (comprising the superconducting filaments, the metallic matrix in which the superconducting filaments are embedded, the encapsulating material, any cooling channels, etc.).
- payload data handling
includes payload data management, storage, and processing.
- Peak power
(6) means the highest power attained in the "pulse duration".
- Personal area network
(5) means a data communication system having all of the following characteristics:
- personal data
includes any data specific to a particular person or entity, such as the amount of money stored and data necessary for "authentication".
- power density
means the total "laser" output power divided by the emitter surface area of the 'stacked array'.
- pressure transducer
means a device that converts a pressure measurement into a signal.2.For the purposes of 2B230, 'accuracy' includes non-linearity, hysteresis and repeatability at ambient temperature.
- Production
(GTN NTN All) means all production phases, such as: construction, production engineering, manufacture, integration, assembly (mounting), inspection, testing, quality assurance.
- Production equipment
(1 7 9) means tooling, templates, jigs, mandrels, moulds, dies, fixtures, alignment mechanisms, test equipment, other machinery and components therefor, limited to those specially designed or modified for "development" or for one or more phases of "production".
- Production facilities
(7 9) means "production equipment" and specially designed software therefor integrated into installations for "development" or for one or more phases of "production".
- Program
(7) means a sequence of instructions to carry out a process in, or convertible into, a form executable by an electronic computer.
- Pulse compression
(6) means the coding and processing of a radar signal pulse of long time duration to one of short time duration, while maintaining the benefits of high pulse energy.
- Pulsed laser
(6) means a "laser" having a "pulse duration" that is less than or equal to 0,25 seconds.
- Quantum cryptography
(5) means a family of techniques for the establishment of shared key for "cryptography" by measuring the quantum-mechanical properties of a physical system (including those physical properties explicitly governed by quantum optics, quantum field theory or quantum electrodynamics).
- Radar frequency agility
(6) means any technique which changes, in a pseudo-random sequence, the carrier frequency of a pulsed radar transmitter between pulses or between groups of pulses by an amount equal to or larger than the pulse bandwidth.
- Radar spread spectrum
(6) means any modulation technique for spreading energy originating from a signal with a relatively narrow frequency band, over a much wider band of frequencies, by using random or pseudo-random coding.
- range
means half the maximum distance a submersible vehicle can 'operate autonomously'.
- real-time control bandwidth
means the maximum rate at which a controller can execute complete cycles of sampling, processing data and transmitting control signals.
- Real-time processing
(6) means the processing of data by a computer system providing a required level of service, as a function of available resources, within a guaranteed response time, regardless of the load of the system, when stimulated by an external event.
- Repeatability
(7) means the closeness of agreement among repeated measurements of the same variable under the same operating conditions when changes in conditions or non-operating periods occur between measurements.
- Riot control agent
(1) means substances which, under the expected conditions of use for riot control purposes, produce rapidly in humans sensory irritation or disabling physical effects which disappear within a short time following termination of exposure.
- Robot
(2 8) means a manipulation mechanism, which may be of the continuous path or of the point-to-point variety, may use sensors, and has all the following characteristics:
- Satellite navigation system
(5 7) means a system consisting of ground stations, a constellation of satellites, and receivers, that enables receiver locations to be calculated on the basis of signals received from the satellites.
- scale factor
refers to one sigma standard deviation with respect to a fixed calibration over a period of one year;
- semiconductor process tools
refers to modular tools that provide physical processes for semiconductor "production" that are functionally different, such as deposition, implant or thermal processing.2.For the purposes of 3B001.e.2., 'sequential multiple wafer processing' means the capability to process each wafer in different 'semiconductor process tools', such as by transferring each wafer from one tool to a second tool and on to a third tool with the automatic loading multi-chamber central wafer handling systems.
- sequential multiple wafer processing
means the capability to process each wafer in different 'semiconductor process tools', such as by transferring each wafer from one tool to a second tool and on to a third tool with the automatic loading multi-chamber central wafer handling systems.
- Signal analysers
(3) means apparatus capable of measuring and displaying basic properties of the single-frequency components of multi-frequency signals.
- Signal processing
(3 4 5 6) means the processing of externally derived information-bearing signals by algorithms such as time compression, filtering, extraction, selection, correlation, convolution or transformations between domains (e.g., fast Fourier transform or Walsh transform).
- single transverse mode
refers to "lasers" with a beam profile having an M 2-factor of less than 1,3, while 'multiple transverse mode' refers to "lasers" with a beam profile having an M 2-factor of 1,3 or higher.
- Software
(GSN All) means a collection of one or more "programs" or 'microprograms' fixed in any tangible medium of expression.
- Space-qualified
(3 6 7) means designed, manufactured or qualified through successful testing, for operation at altitudes greater than 100 km above the surface of the Earth.
- Spacecraft
(9) means active and passive satellites and space probes.
- Spacecraft bus
(9) means equipment that provides the support infrastructure of the "spacecraft" and location for the "spacecraft payload".
- Spacecraft payload
(9) means equipment, attached to the "spacecraft bus", designed to perform a mission in space (e.g., communications, observation, science).
- Special fissile material
(0) means plutonium-239, uranium-233, "uranium enriched in the isotopes 235 or 233", and any material containing the foregoing.
- Spinning mass gyros
(7) means gyros which use a continually rotating mass to sense angular motion.
- Spread spectrum
(5) means the technique whereby energy in a relatively narrow-band communication channel is spread over a much wider energy spectrum.
- Stability
(7) means the standard deviation (1 sigma) of the variation of a particular parameter from its calibrated value measured under stable temperature conditions.
- strong mechanical bond
means bond strength equal to or more than propellant strength.
- Sub-orbital craft
(9) means a craft having an enclosure designed for the transport of people or cargo which is designed to:
- Substrate
(3) means a sheet of base material with or without an interconnection pattern and on which or within which 'discrete components' or integrated circuits or both can be located.
- Substrate blanks
(3 6) means monolithic compounds with dimensions suitable for the production of optical elements such as mirrors or optical windows.
- Superalloys
(2 9) means nickel-, cobalt- or iron-base alloys having a stress rupture life greater than 1000 hours at 400 MPa and an ultimate tensile strength greater than 850 MPa, at 922 K (649 °C) or higher.
- Superconductive
(1 3 5 6 8) means materials, i.e., metals, alloys or compounds, which can lose all electrical resistance, i.e., which can attain infinite electrical conductivity and carry very large electrical currents without Joule heating.
- Superplastic forming
(1 2) means a deformation process using heat for metals that are normally characterised by low values of elongation (less than 20 %) at the breaking point as determined at room temperature by conventional tensile strength testing, in order to achieve elongations during processing which are at least 2 times those values.
- Symmetric algorithm
(5) means a cryptographic algorithm using an identical key for both encryption and decryption.
- Technology
(GTN NTN All) means specific information necessary for the "development", "production" or "use" of goods.
- test cross section size
means the diameter of the circle, or the side of the square, or the longest side of the rectangle, or the major axis of the ellipse at the largest 'test cross section' location. 'Test cross section' is the section perpendicular to the flow direction.2.In 9B105 'missile' means complete rocket systems and unmanned aerial vehicle systems capable of a range exceeding 300 km.
- test section size
means the diameter of the circle, or the side of the square, or the longest side of the rectangle, at the largest test section location.
- Three dimensional integrated circuit
(3) means a collection of semiconductor dies or active device layers, integrated together, and having through semiconductor via connections passing completely through an interposer, substrate, die or layer to establish interconnections between the device layers.
- Tilting spindle
(2) means a tool-holding spindle which alters, during the machining process, the angular position of its centre line with respect to any other axis.
- Tip shroud
(9) means a stationary ring component (solid or segmented) attached to the inner surface of the engine turbine casing or a feature at the outer tip of the turbine blade, which primarily provides a gas seal between the stationary and rotating components.
- Total control of flight
(7) means an automated control of "aircraft" state variables and flight path to meet mission objectives responding to real time changes in data regarding objectives, hazards or other "aircraft".
- Total digital transfer rate
(5) means the number of bits, including line coding, overhead and so forth per unit time passing between corresponding equipment in a digital transmission system.
- Toxins
(1 2) means toxins in the form of deliberately isolated preparations or mixtures, no matter how produced, other than toxins present as contaminants of other materials such as pathological specimens, crops, foodstuffs or seed stocks of "microorganisms".
- Tunable
(6) means the ability of a "laser" to produce a continuous output at all wavelengths over a range of several "laser" transitions.
- turn-on time
refers to the time from fully-off to fully operational, i.e., it includes the warm-up time of the MPM.2.For the purposes of 3A001.b.9.b., the following example is provided to calculate the volume: for a maximum rated power of 20 W, the volume would be: 20 W × 10 cm3/W = 200 cm3.
- UAV
means unmanned aerial vehicle systems capable of a range exceeding 300 km.
- Ultra High Temperature Ceramics (UHTC)
includes:
- Unidirectional positioning repeatability
(2) means the smaller of values R↑ and R↓ (forward and backward), as defined by 3.21 of ISO 230-2:2014 or national equivalents, of an individual machine tool axis.
- Uranium enriched in the isotopes 235 or 233
(0) means uranium containing the isotopes 235 or 233, or both, in an amount such that the abundance ratio of the sum of these isotopes to the isotope 238 is more than the ratio of the isotope 235 to the isotope 238 occurring in nature (isotopic ratio 0,71 per cent).
- Use
(GTN NTN All) means operation, installation (including on-site installation), maintenance (checking), repair, overhaul and refurbishing.
- User-accessible programmability
(6) means the facility allowing a user to insert, modify or replace "programs" by means other than:
- Vacuum electronic devices
(3) means electronic devices based on the interaction of an electron beam with an electromagnetic wave propagating in a vacuum circuit or interacting with radio-frequency vacuum cavity resonators.
- VMD
means Volume Median Diameter and for water-based systems this equates to Mass Median Diameter (MMD).
- Vulnerability disclosure
(4) means the process of identifying, reporting or communicating a vulnerability to, or analysing a vulnerability with, individuals or organisations responsible for conducting or coordinating remediation for the purposes of resolving the vulnerability.