- battery durability
means in-vehicle durability of a traction battery measured in terms of its state of health;
- brake particle emissions
means the particles emitted from the brake system of a vehicle;
- CH4
means the methane emitted from the tailpipe;
- CO
means the carbon monoxide emitted from the tailpipe;
- CO2
means the carbon dioxide emitted from the tailpipe;
- CoP
means the activities carried out on new vehicles, separate technical units or components selected at the manufacturer’s premises to ensure that the products placed on the market comply with the requirements set out in this Regulation;
- crankcase emissions
means the gaseous pollutants from the spaces in, or external to, an engine which are connected to the oil sump by internal or external ducts;
- declaration
means a declaration by the manufacturer that a specific type or group of vehicles, component or separate technical unit is in compliance with the requirements of this Regulation;
- durability
means the ability of a system or device, component or any part of the vehicle to maintain its required performance over a given time;
- electric range
means the distance travelled in charge-depleting operation condition until the traction battery is depleted;
- emission type-approval
means an EU type-approval complying with the administrative provisions and technical requirements of this Regulation as regards CO2 and pollutant emissions, fuel and electric energy consumption and battery durability;
- emissions
means the exhaust and non-exhaust emissions of a motor vehicle;
- energy efficiency of a trailer
means the performance of a trailer with regard to its influence on the CO2 emissions, fuel and electric energy consumption, zero-emission range, electric range and engine or electric motor power of a towing motor vehicle;
- engine
means the internal combustion engine of a vehicle;
- evaporative emissions
means the hydrocarbon vapours emitted from the fuel system of a vehicle, excluding those from exhaust emissions;
- EVP
means a record in digital form that contains information on the environmental performance of a vehicle at the moment of registration, including the level of pollutant emission limits, CO2 emissions, fuel consumption, electric energy consumption, electric range and engine or electric motor power, and battery durability and other related values;
- excess exhaust emissions driver warning system
means a system designed, constructed and installed in a vehicle to provide information to the user about excess exhaust emissions and to ensure repairs before further use;
- exhaust emissions
means the emission from the tailpipe of the motor vehicle or engine of all of the following: CO2, gaseous, solid, liquid compounds and crankcase emissions;
- FCHV
means a fuel cell vehicle equipped with a powertrain containing at least one fuel storage system and at least one rechargeable electric energy storage system as propulsion energy storage systems;
- FCV
means a vehicle equipped with a powertrain containing exclusively fuel cell(s) and electric machine(s) as propulsion energy converter(s);
- fuel cell
means an energy converter transforming chemical energy (input) into electrical energy (output) or vice versa;
- gaseous pollutants
means the emissions of gaseous chemical species, excluding CO2;
- geofencing technologies
means technologies that do not allow a hybrid vehicle to run with the use of the internal combustion engine, i.e. to enable zero-emission mode, when driven inside a specific geographic area;
- granting type-approval authority
means the approval authority that grants the emission type approval;
- HCHO
means the formaldehyde emitted from the tailpipe;
- HEV
means a hybrid vehicle where one of the propulsion energy converters is an electric machine;
- HV
means a vehicle equipped with a powertrain containing at least two different categories of propulsion energy converters and at least two different categories of propulsion energy storage systems;
- ice grip tyre
means a C1 class snow tyre for use in severe snow conditions, that is additionally designed to be used on road surfaces covered with ice and that fulfils the requirements provided for in UN Regulation No 117;
- ICEV
means a vehicle where all of the propulsion energy converters are internal combustion engines, including hydrogen powered ones;
- ISC
means the activities carried out on vehicles in circulation, systems, separate technical units or components with the purpose of verifying compliance with the durability requirements set out in this Regulation;
- low-reagent driver warning system
means a system designed, constructed and installed in a vehicle to warn the user of the low level of the consumable reagent and to ensure the use of the reagent;
- manipulation device
means any element of design that results in a vehicle not complying with the requirements of this Regulation when driven but not under a regulatory test, despite it resulting in the vehicle appearing to be compliant when tested, or that manipulates data related to sensors, fuel or electric energy consumption, electric range or battery durability;
- manipulation strategy
means a strategy that results in a vehicle not complying with the requirements of this Regulation when driven but not under regulatory test, despite it resulting in the vehicle appearing to be compliant when tested, or that manipulates data related to sensors, fuel or electric energy consumption, electric range or battery durability;
- mass in running order
means the mass of the vehicle, with its fuel tank(s) filled to at least 90 per cent of their capacities, including the mass of the driver, fuel and liquids, fitted with the standard equipment in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications and, when they are fitted, the mass of the bodywork, the cabin, the coupling and the spare wheels as well as the tools;
- N2O
means nitrous oxide emitted from the tailpipe;
- NH3
means the ammonia emitted from the tailpipe;
- NMHC
means the total hydrocarbons, excluding methane, emitted from the tailpipe;
- NMOG
means the sum of non-oxygenated and oxygenated hydrocarbons, excluding methane, emitted from the tailpipe;
- non-exhaust emissions
means evaporative, tyre abrasion and brake emissions;
- odometer
means an instrument indicating the total distance driven by the vehicle since its production;
- option
means a set of additional requirements laid down in this Regulation, which manufacturers may choose to comply with in order to be able to use the corresponding designation for the vehicles they manufacture.
- original pollution control systems
means a pollution control system or an assembly of such systems covered by the type-approval granted for the vehicle concerned;
- own design centre
means a facility in which the whole vehicle is designed and developed, and which is under the control and use of the manufacturer;
- own production facility
means a manufacturing or assembly plant used by the manufacturer for the purpose of manufacturing or assembling new vehicles for that manufacturer, including, where relevant, vehicles which are intended for export;
- PEV
means a vehicle equipped with a powertrain containing exclusively electric machines as propulsion energy converters and exclusively rechargeable electric energy storage systems as propulsion energy storage systems;
- PM
means any material emitted from the tailpipe or the brakes and collected on a filter media;
- PM10
means the particulate matter with a diameter of less than 10 μm;
- PN
means the total number of solid particles emitted from the tailpipe or the brakes;
- PN10
means the total number of solid particles emitted from the tailpipe or the brakes that have a diameter larger or equal to 10 nm;
- pollutant emissions
means exhaust and non-exhaust emissions other than CO2 emissions;
- pollution control device
means a device of a vehicle that controls or limits pollutant emissions;
- pollution control systems
means the pollution control devices installed in a vehicle, including all control units and software that govern their use;
- RDE
means the emissions of a vehicle under the conditions specified in Tables 1 and 2 of Annex III;
- replacement pollution control systems
means a pollution control system or an assembly of such systems which is intended to replace an original pollution control system and which can be approved as a separate technical unit;
- small-volume manufacturer
means a manufacturer of fewer than 10000 new motor vehicles of category M1, or 22000 new motor vehicles of category N1, or 450 new motor vehicles of categories M2 and M3 combined, or 6000 new motor vehicles of categories N2 and N3 combined, that are registered in the Union each calendar year, and which:
- snow tyre
means a tyre whose tread pattern, tread compound or construction is primarily designed to achieve in mud and snow conditions a performance better than that of a normal tyre with regard to its ability to initiate and control vehicle motion;
- SOH
means the measured or estimated state of a specific performance metric of a vehicle or traction battery at a specific point in its lifetime, expressed as a percentage of the performance that was determined when certified or new;
- special use tyre
means a tyre intended for mixed use both on- and off-road or for other special duty and that is primarily designed to initiate and maintain the vehicle in motion in off-road conditions;
- tampering
means the inactivation, or modification of the engine or electric motor, vehicle pollution control devices and system, propulsion system, traction battery, odometer, OBFCM device, OBD or OBM system, including any software or other logical control elements of those systems and their data, resulting in the vehicle not complying with this Regulation;
- THC
means the total hydrocarbons emitted from the tailpipe;
- traction battery
means a battery system that stores energy with the main purpose of propelling the vehicle;
- tyre abrasion
means the mass of material lost from the tyre due to the abrasion process and emitted into the environment;
- tyre for use in severe snow conditions
means a snow tyre or a special use tyre whose tread pattern, tread compound or structure is specifically designed to be used in severe snow conditions;
- ultra-small-volume manufacturer
means a small-volume manufacturer that produces fewer than 1000 new motor vehicles of category M1 or fewer than 1000 new motor vehicles of category N1 that are registered in the Union in the previous calendar year;
- VECTO
means a simulation tool used in determining CO2 emissions, fuel consumption, electric energy consumption and the electric range from heavy-duty vehicles;
- WHSC
means the worldwide harmonised steady state driving cycle in accordance with paragraph 7.2.2. of Annex 4 to UN Regulation No 49;
- WHTC
means the worldwide harmonised transient driving cycle in accordance with paragraph 7.2.1. of Annex 4 to UN Regulation No 49;
- zero-emission mode
means a selectable mode, whereby a hybrid vehicle is driven without the use of the internal combustion engine;
- zero-emission range
means the maximum distance a vehicle can travel with zero exhaust emissions, which for PEVs corresponds to the electric range;