Commission Regulation (EU) 2022/1379

means the actual mass of the vehicle for VTP with the payload applied in the verification testing procedure as set out in 6.1.4.2;

means a fuel-operated heater with at least 2 levels of heating capacity besides “off” that can be controlled depending on the required heating system capacity in the bus (HVAC system);

means a coolant thermostat which characteristics are influenced by at least one additional input besides the coolant temperature, e.g. active electric heating of the thermostat (HVAC system);

means that a system is installed in the vehicle that can cool down the cabin air or fresh air supplied to the driver or driver compartment (HVAC system);

means that a system is installed in the vehicle that can cool down the cabin air or fresh air supplied to the passenger compartment (HVAC system);

means characteristic of a vehicle configuration regarding aerodynamic force acting on the vehicle in the direction of air flow and determined as a product of the drag coefficient and the cross sectional area for zero crosswind conditions;

means a device using electric energy to heat up the air of the passenger and/or driver compartment with a coefficient of performance lower than 1 (HVAC system);

means an air supension system in which a number of sensor inputs together with software logic are used to electronically actuate the air suspension control valves (pneumatic system);

means an air supension system in which the air suspension control valves are operated mechanically without electronics and software (pneumatic system);

means an electric machine to charge the battery and to supply electric power to the electrical auxiliary system when the vehicle’s internal combustion engine is running.

means an electronic air processing unit that combines an electronically controlled air dryer for optimised air regeneration and an air delivery preferred during overrun conditions (requires a clutch or ESS) (pneumatic system).

means the different scenarios to be followed in the case of a medium lorry, heavy lorry, heavy bus that is a primary vehicle, heavy bus that is an interim vehicle, heavy bus that is a complete vehicle or completed vehicle for which different manufacturer provisions and functions are applicable in the simulation tool;

means a heavy bus that is an incomplete vehicle, complete vehicle or completed vehicle consisting of at least two rigid sections connected to each other by an articulated section.

means an asynchronous electric machine type in which the electric current in the rotor needed to produce torque is obtained by electromagnetic induction from the magnetic field of the stator winding.

means vehicle components including an engine fan, steering system, electric system, pneumatic system and Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system whose CO2 emissions and fuel consumption properties have been defined in Annex IX;’;

means a component comprising all rotating parts of the driveline which transfer the driving torque coming from the prop shaft to the wheels and changes the torque and speed with a fixed ratio and including the functions of a differential gear;

means a medium lorry or heavy lorry equipped at least with:

means a REESS (rechargeable electric energy storage system) that includes secondary cells or secondary cell assemblies, which are normally connected with cell electronics, power supply circuits and overcurrent shut-off device, including electrical interconnections and interfaces for external systems (examples of external systems are systems intended for thermal conditioning, high voltage and low voltage auxiliary and communication).

means a REESS that consists of secondary cell assemblies or battery pack(s) as well as electrical circuits, electronics, interfaces for external systems (e.g. thermal conditioning system), BCUs and contactors.

means the battery system or representative battery subsystem to be actually tested

means an electronic device that controls, manages, detects or calculates electric and thermal functions of the battery system and that provides communication between the battery system or battery pack or part of a battery pack and other vehicle controllers.

means a clutch in which a bimetallic connection is used to convert a temperature change into mechanical displacement.

means the “stop lamp” in accordance with paragraph 2.7.12 of UN Regulation No. 48 (electric system);

means a device for storage of electrical energy achieved by the effects of electrostatic double-layer capacitance and electrochemical pseudo capacitance in an electrochemical cell.

means a basic functional unit of a capacitor, consisting of an assembly of electrodes, electrolyte, container, terminals and usually separators.

means a REESS that includes capacitor cells or capacitor assemblies normally connected with capacitor cell electronics, power supply circuits and overcurrent shut-off device, including electrical interconnections, interfaces for external systems and CCU.

means a REESS that includes capacitor cells or capacitor assemblies or capacitor pack(s) as well as electrical circuits, electronics, interfaces for external systems (e.g. thermal conditioning system), CCU and contactors.

means the capacitor system or representative capacitor subsystem to be actually tested.

means an (ultra) capacitor electrical energy storage unit combined with a DC/DC unit that adapts the voltage level and controls the current to and from the electric consumer board net (electric system);

means an APT without a torque converter.’;

means (i) an internal combustion engine, (ii) an electric machine, or (iii) a fuel cell.

means (i) a fuel storage system, (ii) a rechargeable electric energy storage system (REESS), or (iii) a rechargeable mechanical energy storage system.

means an electronic device that controls, manages, detects or calculates electric and thermal functions of the capacitor system and that provides communication between the capacitor system or capacitor pack or part of a capacitor pack and other vehicle controllers.

means a basic functional unit of a battery, consisting of an assembly of electrodes, electrolyte, container, terminals and usually separators, that is a source of electric energy obtained by direct conversion of chemical energy.

means an electronic device that collects and possibly monitors thermal or electric data of cells or cell assemblies or capacitors or capacitor assemblies and contains electronics for balancing between cells or capacitors, if necessary.

means “complete vehicle” as defined in Article 3, point (27), of Regulation (EU) 2018/858;

means “completed vehicle” as defined in Article 3, point (26), of Regulation (EU) 2018/858;

means a disengageable compressor where the clutch is controlled by the system air pressure (no smart strategy) (pneumatic system);

means a disengageable compressor where the clutch is controlled by the system air pressure (no smart strategy), minor losses during disengaged state caused by visco clutch (pneumatic system);

means a device that converts mechanical energy to hydraulic fluid energy.

means the “corrected actual mass of the vehicle” as defined in Annex III, point 2(4);

means the signal at the main output of a sensor (My), produced by a measurand (Fz) acting on the sensor, which is different from the measurand assigned to this output;

means a file produced by the simulation tool which contains a defined set of vehicle related information and the results for CO2 emissions and fuel consumption as defined in Part II of Annex IV;

means an automatic transmission that can change seamlessly through a continuous range of gear ratios.

means the “daytime running lamp” in accordance with paragraph 2.7.25 of UN Regulation No. 48 (electric system);

means a device that splits a torque into two branches, e.g., for left- and right-hand side wheels, while allowing these branches to rotate at unequal speeds.

means the ratio of differential input speed (towards the primary propulsion energy converter) over differential output speed (towards driven wheels) with both differential output shafts running at the same speed.

means a mechanical device where the grade of actuation can be made in distinct steps only (not continuous variable) (engine cooling fan);

means a mechanical device where the grade of actuation can be made in two distinct steps plus off only (not continuous variable) (engine cooling fan);

means a mechanical device where the grade of actuation can be made in three distinct steps plus off only (not continuous variable) (engine cooling fan);

means that the passenger doors of the vehicle are operated with an electric motor or with an electrohydraulic system (pneumatic system);

means that both “door drive technology pneumatic” and “door drive technology electric” are installed in the vehicle (pneumatic system);

means that the passenger doors of the vehicle are operated with compressed air (pneumatic system);

means windows of the passenger compartment that consist of two glass window panes that are separated by gas filled space or by vacuum.

means a position in the vehicle’s powertrain that is closer to the wheels than the actual reference position.

means the connected elements of the powertrain for transmission of the mechanical energy between the propulsion energy converter(s) and the wheels.

means a pump with two chambers (with the same or different displacement) mechanical internal limitation of flow rate (steering system);

means a pump with two chambers (with the same or different displacement) which can be combined or where under specific conditions only one of these is used.

means a steering system driven by an electric motor with continuously recirculating hydraulic fluid (steering system);

(EM) means an energy converter transforming between electrical and mechanical energy.

means a combination of electric powertrain components as installed in the vehicle comprising of an electric machine, inverter and electronic control unit(s), including connections and interfaces for external systems

means the use of an electric motor to propel the fan.

means a compressor driven by an electric motor (pneumatic system);

means a clutch in which a number of sensor inputs together with SW logic are used to electronically actuate the fluid flow in the visco clutch (engine cooling fan);

means an energy converter transforming between electrical and mechanical energy.

means a system where the form of energy output is different from the form of energy input.

means a system which stores energy and releases it in the same form as the input energy.

means a gearwheel which is engaged with running shafts of either the engine or transmission while the PTO clutch (if applicable) is open (PTO);

means a heat exchanger that uses the thermal energy of engine waste gas to heat the cooling circuit (HVAC system);

means the floor level within the first door aperture above the ground, measured at the most forward door of the vehicle when the vehicle is in non-kneeled position.

means an excited synchronous electric machine type which contains multiphase AC electromagnets on the stator that create a magnetic field which rotates in time with the oscillations of the line current.

means a compressor reducing the power consumption during blow off, e.g. by closing intake side, ESS is controlled by system air pressure (pneumatic system);

means a fuel cell vehicle equipped with a powertrain containing at least one fuel storage system and at least one rechargeable electric energy storage system as propulsion energy storage systems.

means a vehicle equipped with a powertrain containing exclusively fuel cell(s) and electric machine(s) as propulsion energy converter(s).

means a pump having an internal limitation of the flow rate (steering system);

means a pump using an electronic control of the flow rate (steering system);

means (i) electrical energy, (ii) mechanical energy, or (iii) chemical energy (including fuels).

means an energy converter transforming chemical energy (input) into electrical energy (output) or vice versa.

means a propulsion energy storage system that stores chemical energy as liquid or gaseous fuel.

means a steering system driven by an electric motor without continuously recirculating hydraulic fluid (steering system);

means an identifier for the different shiftable gears for forward direction in a transmission with specific gear ratios;

means the forward gear ratio of the speed of the input shaft (towards the primary propulsion energy converter) to the speed of the output shaft (towards driven wheels) without slip.

means a device changing torque and speed with defined fixed ratios for each gear which may include the functionality of shiftable gears as well

means the “passing-beam (dipped-beam) headlamp” in accordance with paragraph 2.7.10 of UN Regulation No. 48, and the “driving-beam (main-beam) headlamp” in accordance with paragraph 2.7.9 of UN Regulation No. 48 (electric system);

means a system that uses a refrigerant in a circular process to transfer thermal energy from the environment to the passenger compartment and/or the driver compartment and/or transfers thermal energy in the opposite direction (cooling and/or heating functionality) with a coefficient of performance larger than 1 (HVAC system);

means a heat pump where the grade of actuation can be made in two steps only but not continuous variable (HVAC system);

means a heat pump where the grade of actuation can be made in three steps only but not continuous variable (HVAC system);

means a heat pump where the grade of actuation can be made in four steps only but not continuous variable (HVAC system);

means a heat pump where the grade of actuation is continuously variable or where the air conditioning compressor is driven by an electric motor with continuously variable speed (HVAC system);

means a vehicle of category M3, as defined in Article 4(1), point (a)(iii), of Regulation (EU) 2018/858, with a technically permissible maximum laden mass of more than 7500 kg;

means a vehicle of category N2, as defined in Article 4(1), point (b)(ii), of Regulation (EU) 2018/858, with a technically permissible maximum laden mass exceeding 7400 kg and a vehicle of category N3, as defined in Article 4(1), point (b)(iii), of that Regulation;

means a battery system or representative battery subsystem, for which the numerical ratio between maximum discharge current in A, declared by the component manufacturer at a SOC of 50 % in accordance with point 5.4.2.3.2, and the nominal electric charge output in Ah at a 1C discharge rate at RT is lower than 10.

means the difference in “Z”-direction between the reference point “A” of the highest point and lowest point “B” of an integrated body (see Figure 1).

means a hybrid vehicle where one of the propulsion energy converters is an electric machine and the other one is an internal combustion engine.

means an integrated and structural part of the component, enclosing the internal units and providing protection against direct contact from any direction of access.

means a battery system or representative battery subsystem, for which the numerical ratio between maximum discharge current in A, declared by the component manufacturer at a SOC of 50 % in accordance with point 5.4.2.3.2, and the nominal electric charge output in Ah at a 1C discharge rate at RT is equal to or higher than 10.

means a vehicle equipped with a powertrain containing at least two different categories of propulsion energy converters and at least two different categories of propulsion energy storage systems.

(He-HDV) means a hybrid heavy duty vehicle that, for the purpose of mechanical propulsion, draws energy from both of the following on-vehicle sources of stored energy or power: (i) a consumable fuel, and (ii) an electrical energy or power storage device;’;

means an energy converter with intermittent or continuous oxidation of combustible fuel transforming between chemical and mechanical energy.

means a combined system of an electric machine system together with the functionality of either a single- or multi-speed gearbox or a differential or both, characterised by at least one of the following features: Additionally, an IEPC shall comply with the following criteria:

means “incomplete vehicle” as defined in Article 3, point (25), of Regulation (EU) 2018/858;

means that a heat pump is installed in the vehicle that is only used for the driver compartment (HVAC system);

means a manufacturer responsible for an interim vehicle;

means any further completion of a primary vehicle where a sub-set of input data and input information as defined for the complete or completed vehicle in accordance with Table 1 and Table 3a of Annex III is added and/or modified;

means the lights within the passenger compartment that are installed to fulfil the requirements of paragraph 7.8.

means an electric energy converter that changes direct electric current to single-phase or polyphase alternating electric currents

means a lead-acid battery where none of the definitions (74) or (75) applies (electric system);

means lead-acid batteries where a silica gelling agent is mixed into the electrolyte (electric system);

(Absorbed Glass Mat) means lead-acid batteries where glass fibre mats soaked in electrolyte are used as separators between the negative and positive plates (electric system);

means semiconductor devices that emit visible light when an electrical current passes through them (electric system);

means a Li-ion battery where the numerical ratio between rated maximum current in [A] and the rated capacity in [Ah] is less than 10 (electric system);

means a Li-ion battery where the numerical ratio between rated maximum current in [A] and the rated capacity in [Ah] is equal to or larger than 10 (electric system);

means a vehicle of category N2, as defined in Article 4(1), point (b)(ii), of Regulation (EU) 2018/858, with a technically permissible maximum laden mass exceeding 5000 kg and not exceeding 7400 kg;

means the total distance driven in the fuel consumption measurement at speeds above 70 km/h;

means a clutch where several friction linings are arranged in parallel whereby all friction pairs get the same pressing force.

means the current rate equal to n times the one hour discharge capacity expressed in ampere (i.e. current that takes 1/n hours to fully charge or discharge the tested device based on the rated capacity).

means the maximum deviation between ideal and actual output signal characteristics in relation to the measurand in a specific measuring range.

means a heat pump which uses another working medium than R-744 refrigerant.

means the number of heat pumps that are installed in the vehicle to heat up and/or cool down cabin air or fresh air supplied to the passenger compartment.

means a mechanical clutch which is either fully engaged or fully disengaged (engine cooling fan);

means any fully electric technology used for heating up the passenger and/or driver compartment not covered by the technologies in definitons (62), (70) or (71) (HVAC system);

means a HEV with a powertrain architecture where the ICE powers only a single mechanically connected path between the engine and the wheels of the vehicle.

means any energy consuming, converting, storing or supplying devices, where the energy is not directly or indirectly used for the purpose of vehicle propulsion but which are essential to the operation of the powertrain and are therefore considered to be part of the powertrain.

means any energy consuming, converting, storing or supplying devices, where the energy is not directly or indirectly used for the purpose of vehicle propulsion but which are essential to the operation of the powertrain.

means a motor vehicle pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2018/858, article 3(16), equipped with a powertrain containing exclusively electric machines as propulsion energy converters and exclusively rechargeable electric energy storage systems as propulsion energy storage systems and/or alternatively any other means for direct conductive or inductive supply of electric energy from the power network providing the propulsion energy to the motor vehicle.

means that compressed air is used for dosing reagent into the exhaust system (pneumatic system);

means the “side marker lamp” in accordance with paragraph 2.7.24 of UN Regulation No. 48 (electric system);

means a device in a transmission that allows the installation of a power take-off (PTO);

means the total combination in a vehicle of propulsion energy storage system(s), propulsion energy converter(s) and the drivetrain(s) providing the mechanical energy at the wheels for the purpose of vehicle propulsion, plus peripheral devices.

means a heavy bus in a virtual assembly condition determined for simulation purposes, for which the input data and input information as set out in Annex III is used;

means a manufacturer responsible for the primary vehicle;

means an energy converter of the powertrain which is not a peripheral device whose output energy is used directly or indirectly for the purpose of vehicle propulsion.

means an energy storage system of the powertrain which is not a peripheral device and whose output energy is used directly or indirectly for the purpose of vehicle propulsion.

means a permanent magnet sychronous electric machine type which contains multiphase AC electromagnets on the stator that create a magnetic field which rotates in time with the oscillations of the line current.

means a device on a transmission or an engine to which an optional power consuming device (“consumer”), e.g., a hydraulic pump, can be connected;

means a vehicle where all of the propulsion energy converters are internal combustion engines.

means the total number of ampere-hours that can be withdrawn from a fully charged battery determined in accordance with point 5.4.1.3

means the highest rotational speed of the electric machine system where the overall maximum torque occurs

means the forward gear ratio of the speed of the engine to the speed of the air compressor without slip (i = nin/nout) (pneumatic system);

means closeness of the agreement between the results of successive measurements of the same measurand carried out under the same conditions of measurement.

means a subsystem of a battery system that consists of either secondary cell assemblies or battery pack(s) in serial and/or parallel configuration with electrical circuits, thermal conditioning system interfaces, control units and cell electronics.

means a subsystem of a capacitor system that consists of either capacitor assemblies or capacitor pack(s) in serial and/or parallel configuration with electrical circuits, thermal conditioning system interfaces, control units and capacitor cell electronics.

means a “lorry” as defined in Part C, point 4.1, of Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2018/858, except for the lorries designed or constructed for the towing of a semi-trailer;

means a reluctance electric machine type which contains multiphase AC electromagnets on the stator that create a magnetic field which rotates in time with the oscillations of the line current.

means that the ambient air inside the test cell shall have a temperature of (25 ± 10) °C

means the total distance driven during the fuel consumption measurement at speeds exceeding 50 km/h, but not exceeding 70 km/h;

means a cell which is designed to be electrically recharged by way of a reversible chemical reaction.

means one or multiple air channels connected to a thermal comfort system to distribute conditioned air evenly to the passenger compartment.

means a HEV with a powertrain architecture where the ICE powers one or more electrical energy conversion paths with no mechanical connection between the ICE and the wheels of the vehicle.

means a gearwheel used as shift element where the shifting is realised by moving the gearwheel on its shaft into or out of the gear mesh of the mating gear (PTO);

means a system of one ore more alternators in combination with one or more dedicated REESS which is electronically controlled with preferred generation of electic energy during overrun conditions (electric system);

means a pneumatic system in which the air delivery is electronically controlled with preferred air delivery during overrun conditions (pneumatic system);

means a pneumatic system in which the regeneration air demand is optimised with respect to the quantity of dried air that is produced (pneumatic system);

means the available electrical charge stored in a battery system expressed as a percentage of its rated capacity in accordance with 5.4.1.3 (where 0 % represents empty and 100 % represents full)

means a type of tooth clutch where a friction device is used to equalise the speeds of the rotating parts to be engaged (PTO);

means a system that uses fans to circulate air within the vehicle or blows fresh air into the vehicle and the air volume flow can at least be actively cooled or heated.

means a (manoeuvrable) clutch where torque is transferred mainly by normal forces between mating teeth.

means a “tractor unit for semi-trailer” as defined in Part C, point 4.3, of Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2018/858’

means a position in the vehicle’s powertrain that is further away from the wheels than the actual reference position.

means the total distance driven during the fuel consumption measurement at speeds not exceeding 50 km/h;

means the electric machine system, IEPC or IHPC Type 1 to be actually tested

means a “van” as defined in Part C, point 4.2, of Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2018/858;

means a device that converts mechanical energy to hydraulic fluid energy.

means a pump where the displacement is electronically controlled (steering system);

means a pump where the displacement is mechanically controlled internally (internal pressure scales) (steering system);

(VIF) means a file produced by the simulation tool for heavy buses to transfer the relevant input data, input information and simulation results to subsequent manufacturing stages following the method as described in point (2) of Annex I;

means the vehicle dimension in accordance with Table I of Appendix 1 of Annex I to Regulation (EU) 1230/2012.

means the vehicle dimension in accordance with Table II of Appendix 1 of Annex I to Regulation (EU) 1230/2012.

means a set of input data for components, separate technical units and systems and input information used for CO2 determination of a verification testing procedure relevant vehicle;

means a new vehicle for which a value of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption was determined and declared in accordance with Article 9;

means a heavy-duty vehicle not intended for the delivery of goods and for which one of the following digits is used to supplement the bodywork codes, as listed in Appendix 2 to Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2018/858: 09, 10, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31;

means a device using electric energy to heat up the coolant of the vehicle with a coefficient of performance lower than 1 and that is actively used for the heating functionality during vehicle operation on road (HVAC system);

means the total power at the driven wheels of a vehicle to overcome all driving resistances at the wheel, computed in the simulation tool from the measured torque and rotational speed of the driven wheels;

(Ze-HDV) means “zero emission heavy-duty vehicle” as defined in Article 3, point (11), of Regulation (EU) 2019/1242 of the European Parliament and of the Council;