- Active aero device
means measures which are activated by a control unit to reduce the air drag of the total vehicle.
- actual mass of the vehicle for VTP with payload
means the actual mass of the vehicle for VTP with the payload applied in the verification testing procedure as set out in 6.1.4.2;
- ADC
means a rotating component of the driveline which transfers or distributes power to other driveline components and produces torque losses dependant on its own rotational speed;
- adjustable auxiliary heater
means a fuel-operated heater with at least 2 levels of heating capacity besides ‘off’ that can be controlled depending on the required heating system capacity in the bus (HVAC system);
- adjustable coolant thermostat
means a coolant thermostat which characteristics are influenced by at least one additional input besides the coolant temperature, e.g. active electric heating of the thermostat (HVAC system);
- air conditioning system for driver compartment
means that a system is installed in the vehicle that can cool down the cabin air or fresh air supplied to the driver or driver compartment (HVAC system);
- air conditioning system for passenger compartment
means that a system is installed in the vehicle that can cool down the cabin air or fresh air supplied to the passenger compartment (HVAC system);
- air drag
means characteristic of a vehicle configuration regarding aerodynamic force acting on the vehicle in the direction of air flow and determined as a product of the drag coefficient and the cross sectional area for zero crosswind conditions;
- air electric heater
means a device using electric energy to heat up the air of the passenger and/or driver compartment with a coefficient of performance lower than 1 (HVAC system);
- air suspension control electronically
means an air supension system in which a number of sensor inputs together with software logic are used to electronically actuate the air suspension control valves (pneumatic system);
- air suspension control mechanically
means an air supension system in which the air suspension control valves are operated mechanically without electronics and software (pneumatic system);
- alternator
means an electric machine to charge the battery and to supply electric power to the electrical auxiliary system when the vehicle’s internal combustion engine is running.
- AMS
means an electronic air processing unit that combines an electronically controlled air dryer for optimised air regeneration and an air delivery preferred during overrun conditions (requires a clutch or ESS) (pneumatic system).
- Angle drive
means a device that transmits rotational power between non-parallel shafts, often used with transversely oriented engine and longitudinal input to driven axle;
- application case
means the different scenarios to be followed in the case of a medium lorry, heavy lorry, heavy bus that is a primary vehicle, heavy bus that is an interim vehicle, heavy bus that is a complete vehicle or completed vehicle for which different manufacturer provisions and functions are applicable in the simulation tool;
- APS
means an assembly of components that delivers air (oxygen containing media) for reaction in the FCS.
- articulated bus
means a heavy bus that is an incomplete vehicle, complete vehicle or completed vehicle consisting of at least two rigid sections connected to each other by an articulated section.
- ASM
means an asynchronous electric machine type in which the electric current in the rotor needed to produce torque is obtained by electromagnetic induction from the magnetic field of the stator winding.
- authorised entity
means a national authority authorised by a Member State to request relevant information from the manufacturers and vehicle manufacturers on the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of a specific component, specific separate technical unit or specific system and CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of new vehicles respectively.
- Automated Manual Transmission or Automatic Mechanically-engaged Transmission (AMT)
means an automatically shifting transmission with two or more selectable speed ratios that are obtained using tooth clutches (un-/synchronised).
- Automatic Powershifting Transmission (APT)
means an automatically shifting transmission with more than two friction clutches and several selectable speed ratios that are obtained mainly by the use of those friction clutches.
- auxiliaries
means vehicle components including an engine fan, steering system, electric system, pneumatic system and Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system whose CO2 emissions and fuel consumption properties have been defined in Annex IX;
- axial load
means the load applied to the wheel end in the direction of the shaft axis considering the dynamic wheel radius.
- axle
means a component comprising all rotating parts of the driveline which transfer the driving torque coming from the prop shaft to the wheels and changes the torque and speed with a fixed ratio and including the functions of a differential gear;
- Axle family
means a manufacturer's grouping of axles which through their design, as defined in Appendix 4 of this Annex, have similar design characteristics and CO2 and fuel consumption properties.
- Axle housing
means the housing parts that are needed for structural capability as well as for carrying the driveline parts, bearings and sealings of the axle.
- Axle input
means the side of the axle on which the torque is delivered to the axle.
- Axle line
means a group of axles that share the same basic axle-function as defined in the family concept.
- Axle output
means the side(s) of the axle where the torque is delivered to the wheels.
- base lorry
means a medium lorry or heavy lorry equipped at least with:
- battery pack
means a REESS (rechargeable electric energy storage system) that includes secondary cells or secondary cell assemblies, which are normally connected with cell electronics, power supply circuits and overcurrent shut-off device, including electrical interconnections and interfaces for external systems (examples of external systems are systems intended for thermal conditioning, high voltage and low voltage auxiliary and communication).
- battery system
means a REESS that consists of secondary cell assemblies or battery pack(s) as well as electrical circuits, electronics, interfaces for external systems (e.g. thermal conditioning system), BCUs and contactors.
- battery UUT
means the battery system or representative battery subsystem to be actually tested
- battery-only predominant mode
means a predominant mode where an OVC-HV is operating with the propulsion energy being provided exclusively by the REESS.
- BCU
means an electronic device that controls, manages, detects or calculates electric and thermal functions of the battery system and that provides communication between the battery system or battery pack or part of a battery pack and other vehicle controllers.
- bearing rated load
means the maximum design load as defined in the wheel bearing specifications.
- bimetallic controlled visco clutch
means a clutch in which a bimetallic connection is used to convert a temperature change into mechanical displacement.
- Body in white geometry
means the supporting structure incl. the windshield of the cabin.
- BoP
means the assembly of all the supporting components and auxiliary systems of an FCS needed to deliver the energy, other than the generating unit itself.
- BoPC
means a component that belongs to a BoP.
- brake lights
means the ‘stop lamp’ in accordance with paragraph 2.7.12 of UN Regulation No. 48 (electric system);
- Cab bottom
means the supporting structure of the cabin floor.
- Cabin over frame
means distance from frame to cabin reference point in vertical Z.
- Cabin reference point
means the reference point (X/Y/Z = 0/0/0) from the CAD coordinate system of the cabin or a clearly defined point of the cabin package e.g. heel point.
- Cabin width
means the horizontal distance of the left and right B-pillar of the cabin.
- capacitor
means a device for storage of electrical energy achieved by the effects of electrostatic double-layer capacitance and electrochemical pseudo capacitance in an electrochemical cell.
- capacitor cell
means a basic functional unit of a capacitor, consisting of an assembly of electrodes, electrolyte, container, terminals and usually separators.
- capacitor pack
means a REESS that includes capacitor cells or capacitor assemblies normally connected with capacitor cell electronics, power supply circuits and overcurrent shut-off device, including electrical interconnections, interfaces for external systems and CCU.
- capacitor system
means a REESS that includes capacitor cells or capacitor assemblies or capacitor pack(s) as well as electrical circuits, electronics, interfaces for external systems (e.g. thermal conditioning system), CCU and contactors.
- capacitor UUT
means the capacitor system or representative capacitor subsystem to be actually tested.
- capacitor with DC/DC converter
means an (ultra) capacitor electrical energy storage unit combined with a DC/DC unit that adapts the voltage level and controls the current to and from the electric consumer board net (electric system);
- Case N
means an APT without a torque converter.
- Case P
means an APT with parallel arrangement of a torque converter and the connected mechanical parts of the transmission (e.g. in power split installations);
- Case S
means an Automatic Powershifting Transmission (APT) with serial arrangement of a torque converter and the connected mechanical parts of the transmission;
- category of propulsion energy converter
means (i) an internal combustion engine, (ii) an electric machine, or (iii) a fuel cell.
- category of propulsion energy storage system
means (i) a fuel storage system, (ii) a rechargeable electric energy storage system (REESS), or (iii) a rechargeable mechanical energy storage system.
- CCU
means an electronic device that controls, manages, detects or calculates electric and thermal functions of the capacitor system and that provides communication between the capacitor system or capacitor pack or part of a capacitor pack and other vehicle controllers.
- cell
means a basic functional unit of a battery, consisting of an assembly of electrodes, electrolyte, container, terminals and usually separators, that is a source of electric energy obtained by direct conversion of chemical energy.
- cell electronics
means an electronic device that collects and possibly monitors thermal or electric data of cells or cell assemblies or capacitors or capacitor assemblies and contains electronics for balancing between cells or capacitors, if necessary.
- CFD
means computational fluid dynamic simulation.
- clearance
means the total distance through which one bearing ring can be moved relative to the other in the axial direction.
- complete vehicle
means ‘complete vehicle’ as defined in Article 3, point (27), of Regulation (EU) 2018/858;
- completed vehicle
means ‘completed vehicle’ as defined in Article 3, point (26), of Regulation (EU) 2018/858;
- Compound transmission
means a transmission, with a large number of forward gears and/or large ratio coverage, composed of sub-transmissions, which are combined to use most power-transferring parts in several forward gears;
- compressed gaseous hydrogen
means a hydrogen storage technology which stores hydrogen in gaseous form;
- compressor clutch (mechanically)
means a disengageable compressor where the clutch is controlled by the system air pressure (no smart strategy) (pneumatic system);
- compressor clutch (visco)
means a disengageable compressor where the clutch is controlled by the system air pressure (no smart strategy), minor losses during disengaged state caused by visco clutch (pneumatic system);
- constant displacement pump
means a device that converts mechanical energy to hydraulic fluid energy.
- Constant speed test
means measurement procedure to be carried out on a test track in order to determine the air drag.
- corrected actual mass of the vehicle
means the ‘corrected actual mass of the vehicle’ as defined in Annex III, point 2(4);
- Crawler gear
means a low forward gear (with speed reduction ratio that is larger than for the non-crawler gears) that is designed to be used infrequently, e.g., at low-speed manoeuvres or occasional up-hill start-offs;
- crosstalk
means the signal at the main output of a sensor (My), produced by a measurand (Fz) acting on the sensor, which is different from the measurand assigned to this output;
- Crown wheel
means a part of a bevel gear set which usually consists of two gears.
- cryo-compressed hydrogen
means a hydrogen storage technology which stores hydrogen at temperatures from close to liquefication up to ambient temperature and at a pressure of at least 200 bar.
- customer
means the legal entity that sells the vehicle or axle in which the wheel end is installed.
- customer information file
means a file produced by the simulation tool which contains a defined set of vehicle related information and the results for CO2 emissions and fuel consumption as defined in Part II of Annex IV;
- CVT
means an automatic transmission that can change seamlessly through a continuous range of gear ratios.
- Dataset
means the data recorded during a single passing of a measurement section.
- day running lights
means the ‘daytime running lamp’ in accordance with paragraph 2.7.25 of UN Regulation No. 48 (electric system);
- differential
means a device that splits a torque into two branches, e.g., for left- and right-hand side wheels, while allowing these branches to rotate at unequal speeds.
- differential gear ratio
means the ratio of differential input speed (towards the primary propulsion energy converter) over differential output speed (towards driven wheels) with both differential output shafts running at the same speed.
- discrete step clutch
means a mechanical device where the grade of actuation can be made in distinct steps only (not continuous variable) (engine cooling fan);
- discrete step clutch (off + 2 stages)
means a mechanical device where the grade of actuation can be made in two distinct steps plus off only (not continuous variable) (engine cooling fan);
- discrete step clutch (off + 3 stages)
means a mechanical device where the grade of actuation can be made in three distinct steps plus off only (not continuous variable) (engine cooling fan);
- door drive technology electric
means that the passenger doors of the vehicle are operated with an electric motor or with an electrohydraulic system (pneumatic system);
- door drive technology mixed
means that both ‘door drive technology pneumatic’ and ‘door drive technology electric’ are installed in the vehicle (pneumatic system);
- door drive technology pneumatic
means that the passenger doors of the vehicle are operated with compressed air (pneumatic system);
- double glazing
means windows of the passenger compartment that consist of two glass window panes that are separated by gas filled space or by vacuum.
- downstream
means a position in the vehicle’s powertrain that is closer to the wheels than the actual reference position.
- Drag torque
means the required torque to overcome the inner friction of an axle when the wheel ends are rotating freely with 0 Nm output torque.
- driver-selectable mode
means a distinct driver-selectable condition which could affect emissions, or fuel and/or energy consumption;
- drivetrain
means the connected elements of the powertrain for transmission of the mechanical energy between the propulsion energy converter(s) and the wheels.
- Dual Clutch Transmission (DCT)
means an automatically shifting transmission with two friction clutches and several selectable speed ratios that are obtained by the use of tooth clutches.
- dual displacement pump
means a pump with two chambers (with the same or different displacement) mechanical internal limitation of flow rate (steering system);
- dual displacement pump with electronic control
means a pump with two chambers (with the same or different displacement) which can be combined or where under specific conditions only one of these is used.
- dynamic charging technology
means a technology that enables the vehicle to be connected to an external electrical power supply while in motion, providing direct power to the vehicle’s propulsion and/or auxiliary systems and/or charging the batteries;
- electric driven pump
means a steering system driven by an electric motor with continuously recirculating hydraulic fluid (steering system);
- electric machine
(EM) means an energy converter transforming between electrical and mechanical energy.
- electric machine system
means a combination of electric powertrain components as installed in the vehicle comprising of an electric machine, inverter and electronic control unit(s), including connections and interfaces for external systems
- electric motor control
means the use of an electric motor to propel the fan.
- electrically driven compressor
means a compressor driven by an electric motor (pneumatic system);
- electronically controlled visco clutch
means a clutch in which a number of sensor inputs together with SW logic are used to electronically actuate the fluid flow in the visco clutch (engine cooling fan);
- EM
means an energy converter transforming between electrical and mechanical energy.
- empty hydrogen tank condition
means the condition of a hydrogen tank from which it is still possible to reach a full tank in a single refuelling event without venting and which meets any of the following conditions:
- EMS
means the European Modular System (EMS) in accordance with Council Directive 96/53/EC.
- energy converter
means a system where the form of energy output is different from the form of energy input.
- energy storage system
means a system which stores energy and releases it in the same form as the input energy.
- engaged gearwheel
means a gearwheel which is engaged with running shafts of either the engine or transmission while the PTO clutch (if applicable) is open (PTO);
- engine CO2-family
means a manufacturer's grouping of engines, as defined in paragraph 1 of Appendix 3;
- engine waste gas heat exchanger
means a heat exchanger that uses the thermal energy of engine waste gas to heat the cooling circuit (HVAC system);
- entrance height in non-kneeled position
means the floor level within the first door aperture above the ground, measured at the most forward door of the vehicle when the vehicle is in non-kneeled position.
- ESM
means an excited synchronous electric machine type which contains multiphase AC electromagnets on the stator that create a magnetic field which rotates in time with the oscillations of the line current.
- ESS
means a compressor reducing the power consumption during blow off, e.g. by closing intake side, ESS is controlled by system air pressure (pneumatic system);
- external electric components
means all electric components that are not part of the FCS and / or are electrically not connected to the DC power between FCSS and PCS.
- Factory fill oil
means the oil type viscosity grade that is used for the oil fill in the factory and which is intended to stay in the transmission, torque converter, other torque transferring component or in an additional driveline component for the first service interval;
- FCHV
means a fuel cell vehicle equipped with a powertrain containing at least one fuel storage system and at least one rechargeable electric energy storage system as propulsion energy storage systems.
- FCMC
means fuel consumption mapping cycle;
- FCS
means an energy converter which transforms chemical energy into electric energy via in series connected electrochemical cells, referred to as a fuel cell stack.
- FCSS
means the assembly containing one or more fuel cell stacks in which by means of an electrochemical reaction between fuel and oxidant chemical energy is transferred into electric energy.
- FCV
means a vehicle equipped with a powertrain containing exclusively fuel cell(s) and electric machine(s) as propulsion energy converter(s).
- fixed displacement pump (default technology)
means a pump having an internal limitation of the flow rate (steering system);
- fixed displacement pump with electronic control
means a pump using an electronic control of the flow rate (steering system);
- form of energy
means (i) electrical energy, (ii) mechanical energy, or (iii) chemical energy (including fuels).
- FPS
means the assembly of components that chemically or physically converts the supplied fuel to a form suitable for use in the fuel cell stack sub-system.
- Frame height
means distance of wheel center to top of horizontal frame in Z.
- Friction clutch
means clutch for transfer of propulsive torque, where torque is sustainably transferred by friction forces.
- fuel cell
means an energy converter transforming chemical energy (input) into electrical energy (output) or vice versa.
- fuel cell control sub-system
means a system that controls and/or monitors FCS conditions and automatically responds to vehicle power demands while preventing hazardous conditions and damage to the FCS.
- fuel storage system
means a propulsion energy storage system that stores chemical energy as liquid or gaseous fuel.
- full electric steering gear
means a steering system driven by an electric motor without continuously recirculating hydraulic fluid (steering system);
- Full load
means the delivered engine torque/power at a certain engine speed when the engine is operated at maximum operator demand;
- Gear mesh efficiency
means the ratio of output power to input power when transmitted in a forward gear mesh with relative motion;
- gear number
means an identifier for the different shiftable gears for forward direction in a transmission with specific gear ratios;
- gear ratio
means the forward gear ratio of the speed of the input shaft (towards the primary propulsion energy converter) to the speed of the output shaft (towards driven wheels) without slip.
- gearbox
means a device changing torque and speed with defined fixed ratios for each gear which may include the functionality of shiftable gears as well
- Gearscheme
means the arrangement of shafts, gearwheels and clutches in a transmission;
- ground rail
means dynamic charging technology that conductively transfers the electrical energy to the vehicle through rails embedded in or on top of the road surface;
- headlights
means the ‘passing-beam (dipped-beam) headlamp’ in accordance with paragraph 2.7.10 of UN Regulation No. 48, and the ‘driving-beam (main-beam) headlamp’ in accordance with paragraph 2.7.9 of UN Regulation No. 48 (electric system);
- heat pump
means a system that uses a refrigerant in a circular process to transfer thermal energy from the environment to the passenger compartment and/or the driver compartment and/or transfers thermal energy in the opposite direction (cooling and/or heating functionality) with a coefficient of performance larger than 1 (HVAC system);
- heat pump 2-stage
means a heat pump where the grade of actuation can be made in two steps only but not continuous variable (HVAC system);
- heat pump 3-stage
means a heat pump where the grade of actuation can be made in three steps only but not continuous variable (HVAC system);
- heat pump 4-stage
means a heat pump where the grade of actuation can be made in four steps only but not continuous variable (HVAC system);
- heat pump continuous
means a heat pump where the grade of actuation is continuously variable or where the air conditioning compressor is driven by an electric motor with continuously variable speed (HVAC system);
- heavy bus
means a vehicle of category M3, as defined in Article 4(1), point (a)(iii), of Regulation (EU) 2018/858, with a technically permissible maximum laden mass of more than 7500 kg;
- heavy lorry
means a vehicle of category N2, as defined in Article 4(1), point (b)(ii), of Regulation (EU) 2018/858, with a technically permissible maximum laden mass exceeding 7400 kg and a vehicle of category N3, as defined in Article 4(1), point (b)(iii), of that Regulation;
- HEBS
means a battery system or representative battery subsystem, for which the numerical ratio between maximum discharge current in A, declared by the component manufacturer at a SOC of 50 % in accordance with point 5.4.2.3.2, and the nominal electric charge output in Ah at a 1C discharge rate at RT is lower than 10.
- Heel point
means the point which is representing the heel of shoe location on the depressed floor covering, when the bottom of shoe is in contact with the undepressed accelerator pedal and the ankle angle is at 87°.
- height of the integrated body
means the difference in ‘Z’-direction between the reference point ‘A’ of the highest point and lowest point ‘B’ of an integrated body (see Figure 1).
- HEV
means a hybrid vehicle where one of the propulsion energy converters is an electric machine and the other one is an internal combustion engine.
- housing
means an integrated and structural part of the component, enclosing the internal units and providing protection against direct contact from any direction of access.
- HPBS
means a battery system or representative battery subsystem, for which the numerical ratio between maximum discharge current in A, declared by the component manufacturer at a SOC of 50 % in accordance with point 5.4.2.3.2, and the nominal electric charge output in Ah at a 1C discharge rate at RT is equal to or higher than 10.
- Hub reduction
means the planetary gear set that is installed commonly outside the planetary bearing at hub reduction axles.
- Hub reduction axle (HR)
means a driven axle with two gear reductions.
- Hub reduction tandem axle (HRT)
means a hub reduction axle, what has the possibility to transfer torque to the rear as described under single reduction tandem axle (SRT).
- HV
means a vehicle equipped with a powertrain containing at least two different categories of propulsion energy converters and at least two different categories of propulsion energy storage systems.
- hybrid electric heavy-duty vehicle
(He-HDV) means a hybrid heavy duty vehicle that, for the purpose of mechanical propulsion, draws energy from both of the following on-vehicle sources of stored energy or power: (i) a consumable fuel, and (ii) an electrical energy or power storage device;
- ICE
means an energy converter with intermittent or continuous oxidation of combustible fuel transforming between chemical and mechanical energy.
- ICL
means in FCS with a split of inner (primary) and outer (secondary) cooling loops of BoPC, a closed coolant loop that is connected to the cooling media of the different BoPC and is integrated into the FCS as part of the TMS.
- IEPC
means a combined system of an electric machine system together with the functionality of either a single- or multi-speed gearbox or a differential or both, characterised by at least one of the following features: Additionally, an IEPC shall comply with the following criteria:
- incomplete vehicle
means ‘incomplete vehicle’ as defined in Article 3, point (25), of Regulation (EU) 2018/858;
- independent heat pump for driver compartment
means that a heat pump is installed in the vehicle that is only used for the driver compartment (HVAC system);
- inner ring
means the ring or rings of the wheel bearings with smaller diameter than the outer ring.
- input data
means information on the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of a component, separate technical unit or system which is used by the simulation tool for the purpose of determining CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of a vehicle;
- input information
means information relating to the characteristics of a vehicle which is used by the simulation tool for the purposes of determining their CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of the vehicle and which is not part of an input data;
- interim manufacturer
means a manufacturer responsible for an interim vehicle;
- interim vehicle
means any further completion of a primary vehicle where a sub-set of input data and input information as defined for the complete or completed vehicle in accordance with Table 1 and Table 3a of Annex III is added and/or modified;
- interior lights
means the lights within the passenger compartment that are installed to fulfil the requirements of paragraph 7.8.
- inverter
means an electric energy converter that changes direct electric current to single-phase or polyphase alternating electric currents
- lead-acid battery – conventional
means a lead-acid battery where none of the definitions (74) or (75) applies (electric system);
- lead-acid battery – gel
means lead-acid batteries where a silica gelling agent is mixed into the electrolyte (electric system);
- lead-acid battery –AGM
(Absorbed Glass Mat) means lead-acid batteries where glass fibre mats soaked in electrolyte are used as separators between the negative and positive plates (electric system);
- LED
means semiconductor devices that emit visible light when an electrical current passes through them (electric system);
- Li-ion battery - high energy
means a Li-ion battery where the numerical ratio between rated maximum current in [A] and the rated capacity in [Ah] is less than 10 (electric system);
- Li-ion battery - high power
means a Li-ion battery where the numerical ratio between rated maximum current in [A] and the rated capacity in [Ah] is equal to or larger than 10 (electric system);
- liquid hydrogen
means a hydrogen storage technology which stores hydrogen in liquid form;
- load line position
means the position on the wheel end through which the radial load is applied.
- Lock-up clutch
means a friction clutch in a hydrodynamic torque converter;
- Main section
means the sub-transmission that has the largest number of forward gears in a compound transmission;
- manufacturer
means the person or body who is responsible to the approval authority for all aspects of the certification process and for ensuring conformity of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of components, separate technical units and systems.
- measurement
means the measurement of friction losses in the wheel end expressed as a friction torque in Nm.
- Measurement area(s)
means designated part(s) of the test track consisting of at least one measurement section and a preceded stabilisation section.
- Measurement section
means a designated part of the test track which is relevant for data recording and data evaluation.
- medium lorry
means a vehicle of category N2, as defined in Article 4(1), point (b)(ii), of Regulation (EU) 2018/858, with a technically permissible maximum laden mass exceeding 5000 kg and not exceeding 7400 kg;
- Mirror inverted axle casing
means the axle casing is mirrored regarding to the vertical plane.
- motorway driving
means the total distance driven in the fuel consumption measurement at speeds above 70 km/h;
- multi-disc clutch
means a clutch where several friction linings are arranged in parallel whereby all friction pairs get the same pressing force.
- nC
means the current rate equal to n times the one hour discharge capacity expressed in ampere (i.e. current that takes 1/n hours to fully charge or discharge the tested device based on the rated capacity).
- NCV
means net calorific value of a fuel as specified in paragraph 3.2;
- Non linearity
means the maximum deviation between ideal and actual output signal characteristics in relation to the measurand in a specific measuring range.
- non R-744 heat pump
means a heat pump which uses another working medium than R-744 refrigerant.
- number of heat pumps for passenger compartment
means the number of heat pumps that are installed in the vehicle to heat up and/or cool down cabin air or fresh air supplied to the passenger compartment.
- Oil conditioning system
means an external system that conditions the oil of a transmission at testing.
- Oil type viscosity grade
means a viscosity grade as defined by SAE J306;
- on/off clutch
means a mechanical clutch which is either fully engaged or fully disengaged (engine cooling fan);
- other heating technology
means any fully electric technology used for heating up the passenger and/or driver compartment not covered by the technologies in definitons (62), (70) or (71) (HVAC system);
- OTTC
means a rotating component attached to the driveline which produces torque losses dependent on its own rotational speed;
- outer cooling sub-system
means the collection of components to exchange waste heat of the FCS, which is stored inside the cooling fluid, with the environment.
- outer ring
means the ring or rings of the wheel bearings with greater diameter than the inner ring.
- overhead pantograph
means dynamic charging technology for connection and power supply with overhead contact line infrastructure on roads;
- overhead trolley
means dynamic charging technology with current collector poles for connection with overhead contact line infrastructure;