collective investment undertakingsmeans undertakings for collective investment in transferable securities (UCITS) as defined in Directive 2009/65/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and alternative investment funds (AIFs) as defined in Directive 2011/61/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council;
collective proceedingsmeans proceedings which include all or a significant part of a debtor's creditors, provided that, in the latter case, the proceedings do not affect the claims of creditors which are not involved in them;
debtor in possessionmeans a debtor in respect of which insolvency proceedings have been opened which do not necessarily involve the appointment of an insolvency practitioner or the complete transfer of the rights and duties to administer the debtor's assets to an insolvency practitioner and where, therefore, the debtor remains totally or at least partially in control of its assets and affairs;
establishmentmeans any place of operations where a debtor carries out or has carried out in the 3-month period prior to the request to open main insolvency proceedings a non-transitory economic activity with human means and assets;
foreign creditormeans a creditor which has its habitual residence, domicile or registered office in a Member State other than the State of the opening of proceedings, including the tax authorities and social security authorities of Member States;
group of companiesmeans a parent undertaking and all its subsidiary undertakings;
insolvency practitionermeans any person or body whose function, including on an interim basis, is to: The persons and bodies referred to in the first subparagraph are listed in Annex B;
insolvency proceedingsmeans the proceedings listed in Annex A;
local creditormeans a creditor whose claims against a debtor arose from or in connection with the operation of an establishment situated in a Member State other than the Member State in which the centre of the debtor's main interests is located;
parent undertakingmeans an undertaking which controls, either directly or indirectly, one or more subsidiary undertakings.
the time of the opening of proceedingsmeans the time at which the judgment opening insolvency proceedings becomes effective, regardless of whether the judgment is final or not;