- cloud computing service
means a digital service that enables on-demand administration and broad remote access to a scalable and elastic pool of shareable computing resources, including where such resources are distributed across several locations;
- content delivery network
means a network of geographically distributed servers for the purpose of ensuring high availability, accessibility or fast delivery of digital content and services to internet users on behalf of content and service providers;
- cyber threat
means a cyber threat as defined in Article 2, point (8), of Regulation (EU) 2019/881;
- cybersecurity
means cybersecurity as defined in Article 2, point (1), of Regulation (EU) 2019/881;
- data centre service
means a service that encompasses structures, or groups of structures, dedicated to the centralised accommodation, interconnection and operation of IT and network equipment providing data storage, processing and transport services together with all the facilities and infrastructures for power distribution and environmental control;
- digital service
means a service as defined in Article 1(1), point (b), of Directive (EU) 2015/1535 of the European Parliament and of the Council;
- DNS
means a hierarchical distributed naming system which enables the identification of internet services and resources, allowing end-user devices to use internet routing and connectivity services to reach those services and resources;
- electronic communications service
means an electronic communications service as defined in Article 2, point (4), of Directive (EU) 2018/1972;
- entity
means a natural or legal person created and recognised as such under the national law of its place of establishment, which may, acting under its own name, exercise rights and be subject to obligations;
- entity providing domain name registration services
means a registrar or an agent acting on behalf of registrars, such as a privacy or proxy registration service provider or reseller;
- incident
means an event compromising the availability, authenticity, integrity or confidentiality of stored, transmitted or processed data or of the services offered by, or accessible via, network and information systems;
- incident handling
means any actions and procedures aiming to prevent, detect, analyse, and contain or to respond to and recover from an incident;
- internet exchange point
means a network facility which enables the interconnection of more than two independent networks (autonomous systems), primarily for the purpose of facilitating the exchange of internet traffic, which provides interconnection only for autonomous systems and which neither requires the internet traffic passing between any pair of participating autonomous systems to pass through any third autonomous system nor alters or otherwise interferes with such traffic;
- large-scale cybersecurity incident
means an incident which causes a level of disruption that exceeds a Member State’s capacity to respond to it or which has a significant impact on at least two Member States;
- managed security service provider
means a managed service provider that carries out or provides assistance for activities relating to cybersecurity risk management;
- managed service provider
means an entity that provides services related to the installation, management, operation or maintenance of ICT products, networks, infrastructure, applications or any other network and information systems, via assistance or active administration carried out either on customers’ premises or remotely;
- national cybersecurity strategy
means a coherent framework of a Member State providing strategic objectives and priorities in the area of cybersecurity and the governance to achieve them in that Member State;
- near miss
means an event that could have compromised the availability, authenticity, integrity or confidentiality of stored, transmitted or processed data or of the services offered by, or accessible via, network and information systems, but that was successfully prevented from materialising or that did not materialise;
- network and information system
means:
- online marketplace
means an online marketplace as defined in Article 2, point (n), of Directive 2005/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council;
- online search engine
means an online search engine as defined in Article 2, point (5), of Regulation (EU) 2019/1150 of the European Parliament and of the Council;
- public administration entity
means an entity recognised as such in a Member State in accordance with national law, not including the judiciary, parliaments or central banks, which complies with the following criteria:
- public electronic communications network
means a public electronic communications network as defined in Article 2, point (8), of Directive (EU) 2018/1972;
- qualified trust service
means a qualified trust service as defined in Article 3, point (17), of Regulation (EU) No 910/2014;
- qualified trust service provider
means a qualified trust service provider as defined in Article 3, point (20), of Regulation (EU) No 910/2014;
- representative
means a natural or legal person established in the Union explicitly designated to act on behalf of a DNS service provider, a TLD name registry, an entity providing domain name registration services, a cloud computing service provider, a data centre service provider, a content delivery network provider, a managed service provider, a managed security service provider, or a provider of an online marketplace, of an online search engine or of a social networking services platform that is not established in the Union, which may be addressed by a competent authority or a CSIRT in the place of the entity itself with regard to the obligations of that entity under this Directive;
- research organisation
means an entity which has as its primary goal to conduct applied research or experimental development with a view to exploiting the results of that research for commercial purposes, but which does not include educational institutions.
- risk
means the potential for loss or disruption caused by an incident and is to be expressed as a combination of the magnitude of such loss or disruption and the likelihood of occurrence of the incident;
- scalable
refers to computing resources that are flexibly allocated by the cloud service provider, irrespective of the geographical location of the resources, in order to handle fluctuations in demand.
- security of network and information systems
means the ability of network and information systems to resist, at a given level of confidence, any event that may compromise the availability, authenticity, integrity or confidentiality of stored, transmitted or processed data or of the services offered by, or accessible via, those network and information systems;
- significant cyber threat
means a cyber threat which, based on its technical characteristics, can be assumed to have the potential to have a severe impact on the network and information systems of an entity or the users of the entity’s services by causing considerable material or non-material damage;
- social networking services platform
means a platform that enables end-users to connect, share, discover and communicate with each other across multiple devices, in particular via chats, posts, videos and recommendations;
- standard
means a standard as defined in Article 2, point (1), of Regulation (EU) No 1025/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council;
- technical specification
means a technical specification as defined in Article 2, point (4), of Regulation (EU) No 1025/2012;
- trust service
means a trust service as defined in Article 3, point (16), of Regulation (EU) No 910/2014;
- trust service provider
means a trust service provider as defined in Article 3, point (19), of Regulation (EU) No 910/2014;
- vulnerability
means a weakness, susceptibility or flaw of ICT products or ICT services that can be exploited by a cyber threat;