Article IPurposeThe purpose of this Annex is to implement the Memorandum of Cooperation NAT-I-9406 between the United States of America and the European Union (the Memorandum) by setting forth the terms and conditions under which the Parties shall establish cooperation to ensure global interoperability between their respective Air Traffic Management (ATM) modernisation programmes, NextGen and SESAR, taking into account the interests of civil and military airspace users.Article IIDefinitionsFor the purpose of this Annex, the term ‘validation’ means to confirm, throughout the development lifecycle, that the proposed solution, including concept, system, and procedures, complies with stakeholders’ needs.Article IIIPrinciplesWithin the framework of the NextGen and SESAR programmes and in accordance with the principles set out in Article I.C of the Memorandum, the Parties shall: The High Level Committee shall monitor the implementation of this Article and shall update the Attachments as necessary.Article IVScope of workA.The scope of the work is to contribute to ATM research, development, and validation for global interoperability. The work may include, but is not limited to, the activities set out in paragraphs 1 to 5 of the present Article.1.Transversal ActivitiesTransversal activities cover those tasks that are not specific to any one operational or technical development, but have interdependencies across the SESAR and NextGen Programs. These activities are of particular importance to the cooperation, as any diverging approach potentially has wide-reaching material implications for harmonisation and interoperability. In this area, the Parties intend to address:2.Information ManagementThe key focus on Information Management is to ensure timely distribution of accurate and relevant ATM-related information across the stakeholder community in a manner that is seamless (interoperable), secure and supportive of collaborative decision making. In this area, the Parties intend to address:3.Trajectory ManagementTrajectory Management encompasses air/air and air/ground exchange of four-dimensional (4D) trajectories requiring a consistent approach to terminology, definition and exchange of flight information at all times and in all flight phases. In this area, the Parties intend to address:4.Communications, Navigation, Surveillance (CNS) & Airborne InteroperabilityCNS and airborne interoperability includes planning airborne equipage and the development of mutually interoperable air/air and air/ground applications and systems. In this area, the Parties intend to address:5.Collaborative ProjectsCollaborative Projects include ad hoc projects for which the Parties agree that focused coordination and collaboration is needed. In this area, the Parties intend to address:B.The Parties shall, as necessary, produce on a reciprocal basis, either individually or jointly for exchange between them, reports describing concepts of use, models, prototypes, evaluations, validation exercises, and comparative studies related to the technical and operational aspects of ATM. Evaluations and validations may use a range of tools such as simulations and live trials.Article VManagementSubject to the availability of funds, the Parties shall establish and manage projects and activities and ensure that the work in progress remains pragmatic, timely and result-oriented. To this end, the following management levels shall be established:Article VIImmunity and liabilityThe Parties shall address immunity and liability issues associated with activities under this Annex in the relevant Appendix, as appropriate.Article VIIImplementationA.All work provided under this Annex shall be described in Appendices, which, upon their entry into force, shall become part of this Annex.B.Each Appendix shall be numbered sequentially and contain a description of the work to be performed by the Parties or the entities they designate to carry out the work, including the location and planned duration of the work; the personnel and other resources required to accomplish the work; the estimated costs; and any other pertinent information concerning the work.Article VIIIFinancial provisionsFunding of work to be performed under this Annex shall be provided in accordance with Article VI of the Memorandum.Article IXPoints of contactA.The designated offices for the coordination and management of this Annex are:B.technical program liaison for specific activities shall be established as indicated in the Appendices to this Annex.Article XEntry into force and terminationA.Pending its entry into force, this Annex shall be applied provisionally from the date of signature.B.This Annex shall enter into force when the Parties have notified each other in writing that their respective internal procedures for its entry into force have been completed, and shall remain in force until terminated in accordance with Article XII of the Memorandum. Termination of this Annex shall terminate all Appendices concluded by the Parties pursuant to this Annex.Article XIAuthorityThe United States of America and the European Union agree to the provisions of this Annex as indicated by the signatures of their duly authorised representatives.