41That case-law, which is now given legislative expression in Article 16(1) of Regulation No 1/2003 (see, to that effect, judgments of 6 November 2012, Otis and Others, C‑199/11, EU:C:2012:684, paragraph 50, and of 11 November 2021, Stichting Cartel Compensation and Equilib Netherlands, C‑819/19, EU:C:2021:904, paragraph 57), is based on the coherent application of the competition rules and the general principle of legal certainty (see, to that effect, judgments of 28 February 1991, Delimitis, C‑234/89, EU:C:1991:91, paragraph 47; of 14 December 2000, Masterfoods and HB, C‑344/98, EU:C:2000:689, paragraph 51; and of 9 December 2020, Groupe Canal + v Commission, C‑132/19 P, EU:C:2020:1007, paragraph 112).
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