38The Court has previously held that it is clear from the wording of that provision, in particular from the terms ‘as the case may be’ and ‘in the absence thereof’, that the starting point of the time limit for bringing proceedings is determined by reference to the situation in question and that the first and second criteria capable of triggering that time limit are hierarchically superior to the third criterion. Thus, the time limit for bringing an action for annulment starts to run, primarily, from the publication of the measure or from its notification to the applicant. Those two primary criteria are placed, in the scheme of that provision, on an equal footing in that neither of those two criteria is subsidiary to the other. By contrast, the criterion of the date on which the measure being challenged came to the knowledge of the applicant as the starting point of the time limit for bringing an action is subsidiary to the criteria of publication or notification of that measure (judgment of 10 February 2026, WhatsApp Ireland v European Data Protection Board, C‑97/23 P, EU:C:2026:81, paragraph 45 and the case-law cited).