47Lastly, fourth, the principles enshrined in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union apply to the Member States when implementing EU law. It is therefore for the Member States, in transposing the exceptions and limitations referred to Article 5(2) and (3) of Directive 2001/29, to ensure that they rely on an interpretation of the directive which allows a fair balance to be struck between the various fundamental rights protected by the EU legal order (judgments of 29 July 2019, Funke Medien NRW, C‑469/17, EU:C:2019:623, paragraph 53, and of 29 July 2019, Spiegel Online, C‑516/17, EU:C:2019:625, paragraph 38).